The proposed project will conduct a controlled evaluation of the impact of changes in the food and physical activity (PA) environments on childhood obesity and related behaviors in five New Jersey cities. These cities have been targeted for interventions by three major initiatives, affording the opportunity to conduct a natural experiment. The study aims are to advance our understanding of the relationship between elements of the environment and childhood obesity and related behaviors, assess the impact of specific environmental interventions, and demonstrate an innovative methodology for controlled evaluation of community interventions. Three research questions and implicit hypotheses will be tested: 1) What is the relative impact of children's exposure to changes in the community food environment, the school food environment, the community PA environment, and the school PA environment on changes in eating and PA behaviors? 2) What is the relative impact of children's exposure to changes in the community food environment, the school food environment, the community PA environment, and the school PA environment on changes in children's weight status? 3) What roles do perceptions of the environment and barriers to access play in these relationships? The research design relies upon a prospective, longitudinal study of a randomly selected panel of 1200 children in these cities. The research team collected comprehensive baseline data on obesity-related behaviors and body mass index in 2009-2010. The data also include documentation of the food and physical activity environments to which these children were exposed (geo-coded for analysis). Comprehensive data collection on children will be repeated in four years and relevant changes in the environment will be monitored over the same period. Changes may include presence of new opportunities for healthy eating or physical activity (e.g., new supermarkets, playgrounds);significant enhancement of existing ones (e.g., addition of healthy foods to convenience stores, expanded physical education in schools), as well as non-intervention related change (e.g., retail outlets that close). Individual-level exposure will be measured by proximity of the environmental change to each child's residence (using geo-spatial methods). The analysis will evaluate the impact of exposure to these changes on a comprehensive set of outcomes including behaviors relevant to food consumption and PA as well as weight status. The research design facilitates an exceptional degree of control in isolating the effects of particular intervention strategies. The project's impact on policy will be amplified by the researchers'extensive relationships with stakeholders in the studied cities, ongoing efforts to disseminate findings from the recently conducted cross-sectional study, and the Rutgers Center for State Health Policy's history of informing state-level policy in NJ and around the nation.

Public Health Relevance

There is evidence that childhood obesity is affected by aspects of the food and physical activity environment in schools and communities (e.g., presence of supermarkets, playgrounds, healthy offerings in school vending machines). However, difficulties in separating the impact of particular elements of the environment (e.g., presence of supermarkets) from that of others (e.g., offerings in vending machines) has undermined planning of effective interventions to prevent childhood obesity. To provide evidence for designing more successful strategies, this project will use an innovative methodology to separate the impact of various aspects of the environment on children's weight status and behaviors in five New Jersey cities with large low-income and minority populations.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD071583-02
Application #
8434868
Study Section
Community-Level Health Promotion Study Section (CLHP)
Program Officer
Esposito, Layla E
Project Start
2012-03-01
Project End
2017-07-31
Budget Start
2013-08-01
Budget End
2014-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$580,090
Indirect Cost
$159,584
Name
Rutgers University
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
001912864
City
New Brunswick
State
NJ
Country
United States
Zip Code
08901
Vaudrin, Nicole; Lloyd, Kristen; Yedidia, Michael J et al. (2018) Impact of the 2010 US Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act on School Breakfast and Lunch Participation Rates Between 2008 and 2015. Am J Public Health 108:84-86
DeWeese, Robin S; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam; Adams, Marc A et al. (2018) Patterns of food and physical activity environments related to children's food and activity behaviors: A latent class analysis. Health Place 49:19-29
DeWeese, Robin S; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (2017) Cost of Children's Healthy vs Unhealthy Snacks Does Not Differ at Convenience Stores. J Nutr Educ Behav 49:241-243.e1
Tasevska, Natasha; DeLia, Derek; Lorts, Cori et al. (2017) Determinants of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Low-Income Children: Are There Differences by Race/Ethnicity, Age, and Sex? J Acad Nutr Diet 117:1900-1920
Lorts, Cori; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (2016) Disparities in Who Receives Weight-Loss Advice From a Health Care Provider: Does Income Make a Difference? Prev Chronic Dis 13:E142
DeWeese, Robin S; Todd, Michael; Karpyn, Allison et al. (2016) Healthy store programs and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), but not the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), are associated with corner store healthfulness. Prev Med Rep 4:256-61
Lorts, Cori; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (2016) Eating behaviors among low-income obese adults in the United States: Does health care provider's advice carry any weight. Prev Med 87:89-94
Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam; DeLia, Derek; DeWeese, Robin S et al. (2015) The relative contribution of layers of the Social Ecological Model to childhood obesity. Public Health Nutr 18:2055-66
DeWeese, Robin; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam (2015) The Role of Distance in Examining the Association Between Active Commuting to School and Students' Weight Status. J Phys Act Health 12:1280-8
Echeverría, Sandra E; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam; Yedidia, Michael J (2015) The influence of parental nativity, neighborhood disadvantage and the built environment on physical activity behaviors in Latino youth. J Immigr Minor Health 17:519-26

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