Premature infants in the Neonatal ICU require hospitalization until they reach physiological maturity, an average of 60 days. While in the hospital, though, they are at risk of subacute potentially catastrophic illnesses such as infection, respiratory decompensation leading to urgent unplanned intubation, and intracranial bleeding. These illnesses are common and deadly. In each case, early diagnosis has the promise to improve outcome through early intervention. The long-term goal of our group is to develop such novel predictive monitoring strategies as early warning systems through advanced mathematical and statistical analysis of waveforms and other informatics data from the bedside monitor. This kind of approach recently led the group and its colleagues at 7 other centers to complete a NICHD- sponsored randomized clinical trial in 3000 premature infants, the largest ever conducted in this population. The result was very important - simply showing the results of a predictive monitor to clinicians reduced the death rate by more than 20%. The overall conceptual framework is that some subacute potentially catastrophic illnesses have subclinical prodromes with abnormal physiologic signatures. This is based on ideas about the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that link inflammation to abnormal signal transduction and autonomic nervous system activity. The result is that illness, even in early stages, leads to uncoupling of organs and abnormal control of heart and respiratory rhythms that can be detected using mathematical algorithms tailored to clinical insights. Achieving our goals of predictive informatics monitoring requires a large database of relevant clinical information and monitor data from the University of Virginia NICU, including vital signs and waveforms. The team of clinicians and mathematicians - a collaboration of University of Virginia and Columbia University - will discover phenotypes of abnormal physiology and develop algorithms to detect them. The large-scale computing capability for this work is in daily use, and the group will be poised to undertake randomized clinical trials to test the impact of the new monitoring. This represents a paradigm shift in patient care - monitors that report trends of development of health and illness rather than fleeting values.

Public Health Relevance

Premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit are vulnerable to sub-acute potentially catastrophic illnesses for which early warning might allow life-saving treatments. The proposed study will result in improved bedside monitoring to give doctors and nurses this early warning through advanced mathematical analysis of physiologic waveforms and vital sign data. The group has successfully achieved this goal using heart rate analysis for early diagnosis of infection, and has both expertise and a large computer system in use for the new work.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD072071-02
Application #
8886972
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Raju, Tonse N
Project Start
2014-07-10
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Virginia
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
065391526
City
Charlottesville
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
22904
Fairchild, Karen D; Nagraj, V Peter; Sullivan, Brynne A et al. (2018) Oxygen desaturations in the early neonatal period predict development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res :
Alonzo, Corrie J; Nagraj, Vijay P; Zschaebitz, Jenna V et al. (2018) Heart rate ranges in premature neonates using high resolution physiologic data. J Perinatol 38:1242-1245
Sullivan, B A; Wallman-Stokes, A; Isler, J et al. (2018) Early Pulse Oximetry Data Improves Prediction of Death and Adverse Outcomes in a Two-Center Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Am J Perinatol 35:1331-1338
Fairchild, Karen D; Lake, Douglas E; Kattwinkel, John et al. (2017) Vital signs and their cross-correlation in sepsis and NEC: a study of 1,065 very-low-birth-weight infants in two NICUs. Pediatr Res 81:315-321
Clark, Matthew T; Delos, John B; Lake, Douglas E et al. (2016) Stochastic modeling of central apnea events in preterm infants. Physiol Meas 37:463-84
McClure, C; Jang, S Young; Fairchild, K (2016) Alarms, oxygen saturations, and SpO2 averaging time in the NICU. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 9:357-362
Patel, Manisha; Mohr, Mary; Lake, Douglas et al. (2016) Clinical associations with immature breathing in preterm infants: part 2-periodic breathing. Pediatr Res 80:28-34
Moss, Travis J; Lake, Douglas E; Calland, J Forrest et al. (2016) Signatures of Subacute Potentially Catastrophic Illness in the ICU: Model Development and Validation. Crit Care Med 44:1639-48
Fairchild, Karen; Mohr, Mary; Paget-Brown, Alix et al. (2016) Clinical associations of immature breathing in preterm infants: part 1-central apnea. Pediatr Res 80:21-7
Sullivan, Brynne A; McClure, Christina; Hicks, Jamie et al. (2016) Early Heart Rate Characteristics Predict Death and Morbidities inĀ PretermĀ Infants. J Pediatr 174:57-62

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