Despite improvements in prenatal care, the rate of poor pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB; < 37 weeks gestation) and low birth weight (LBW) remains high in the United States. This project will provide important evidence concerning the relationships between antenatal maternal mood disorders, pregnancy-specific stress, and poor pregnancy outcomes, as well as what these relationships mean for infant immunologic and neurobehavioral development. The proposed research will test the hypothesis that prenatal maternal mood disorders (anxiety and/or depression) and symptoms increase the risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and compromise infant behavioral and immunological development in the first year of life, and that activation of the HPA axis and increased inflammatory activity in the perinatal period plays a significant role in these effects. Notably, although previous work has examined the role of overall stress (i.e., perceived stress, life events) in pregnancy and infant outcome the present study builds on the research team's prior work to assess the importance of emotional states specific to pregnancy (i.e., pregnancy-specific anxiety and distress) in the effects of mood on pregnancy and infant outcome. Completion of the proposed studies will advance the understanding of the psychoneuroimmunology of pregnancy and provide prospective evidence of the effects of prenatal maternal mood and pregnancy-specific stress on birth and infants' immunological and behavioral development in the first year of life. Moreover, the richness of the resulting dataset will allow us to conduct additional exploratory analyses to investigate (1) the role of vitamin D i the relationships under investigation, given growing evidence of its involvement in inflammation, mood disorders, and birth outcome; (2) if and how residence at moderate altitude (5280 feet above sea level) may play a role in these effects; and (3) how prenatal maternal biopsychosocial variables may impact maternal mood, stress, and neural-immune status in the postpartum. To summarize, this project will provide new data about how maternal mood translates into changes in infant health and pregnancy outcome, the physiological systems involved in these effects, and how emotional states of pregnancy play into these effects. These data will support care of pregnant women's mental health, and may ultimately help to reduce the occurrence of poor pregnancy and infant outcomes, especially in populations that are more likely to have higher-than-average levels of stress and mood symptoms.

Public Health Relevance

Poor pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight create a considerable health care burden, accounting for nearly 70% of infant mortality in the US and other developed countries; nearly 40% of these occurrences lack a clear cause. Women with depression or anxiety are at greatly increased risk for preterm birth, although the biological mechanisms underlying these effects are yet to be clarified. The present study will examine the role of maternal mood and associated biological changes in poor pregnancy outcomes and infant neurobehavioral and immunologic development. These data will ultimately inform clinical management of and interventions to support pregnant women with mood disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD073491-03
Application #
8868155
Study Section
Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Emotion, Stress and Health Study Section (MESH)
Program Officer
Raju, Tonse N
Project Start
2013-09-15
Project End
2016-06-30
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Colorado at Colorado Spgs
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
186192829
City
Colorado Springs
State
CO
Country
United States
Zip Code
80918
Okun, Michele L; Mancuso, Roberta A; Hobel, Calvin J et al. (2018) Poor sleep quality increases symptoms of depression and anxiety in postpartum women. J Behav Med 41:703-710