Youth with severely adverse early life histories are at double the risk of increased emotional problems as they transition from childhood into adolescence. This risk may reflect the calibration of stress-mediating systems to harsh conditions during sensitive periods early in life. Yet, not all youth with such histories are affected. The proposed study tests the novel pubertal stress recalibration hypothesis;specifically puberty opens a second sensitive period for calibration of stress-mediating systems to current life conditions at the approach of sexual maturity. For youth who experienced adverse early care, pubertal development allows a shifting of stress-system activity to that seen among youth without such histories if concurrent stressors are low and a hyper-sensitization of stress activity if current life conditions are stressful. Our target participants will be youth adopted internationally from orphanages (post-institutionalied, PI) youth, compared to youth reared in their families of origin (non-adopted,NA). We will follow 368 youth examining them annually over 3 time points (0, 1 and 2 yrs). The use of an accelerated longitudinal design (4 grps: 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14 yrs) and growth curve modeling allows examination of a broad range of the pubertal period (7 through 16 yrs). Annual measures will be made of the HPA axis (salivary cortisol), the SAM system (pre-ejection period) for PI and NA youth in relation to current life stress (Youth Life Stress Interview completed annually) and pubertal stage (annual nurse-conducted Tanner Staging). Measures of stress-mediating systems activity will be obtained using the Trier Social Stress Test for Children and home assessment of the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Our prior research with PI youth showed a normalization of the CAR by Tanner stage 3-5, compared to same aged youth at stages 1-2. This proposal is a logical extension of that work that will also test the hypothesis that shifts in stress-system activity mediates the increase in emotional problem symptoms in adolescence. The results of this study should help determine whether the peripubertal period is a critical time to intervene with children exposed to early life adversity.

Public Health Relevance

Elevated emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence as a function of childhood adversity is a significant public health issue. The proposed study is expected to add significantly to our understanding of why some youth are more resilient and other more vulnerable to these risks and may target the peripubertal period as a critical time to intervene with youth who experienced adverse care early in life.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD075349-02
Application #
8698790
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BBBP-R (03))
Program Officer
Freund, Lisa S
Project Start
2013-07-09
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2014-05-01
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$599,599
Indirect Cost
$224,229
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Education
DUNS #
555917996
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Koss, Kalsea J; Gunnar, Megan R (2018) Annual Research Review: Early adversity, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and child psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59:327-346
DePasquale, Carrie E; Donzella, Bonny; Gunnar, Megan R (2018) Pubertal recalibration of cortisol reactivity following early life stress: a cross-sectional analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry :
Reid, Brie M; Miller, Bradley S; Dorn, Lorah D et al. (2017) Early growth faltering in post-institutionalized youth and later anthropometric and pubertal development. Pediatr Res 82:278-284
Doom, Jenalee R; Doyle, Colleen M; Gunnar, Megan R (2017) Social stress buffering by friends in childhood and adolescence: Effects on HPA and oxytocin activity. Soc Neurosci 12:8-21
Gunnar, Megan R (2017) Social Buffering of Stress in Development: A Career Perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci 12:355-373
Roos, Leslie E; Giuliano, Ryan J; Beauchamp, Kathryn G et al. (2017) Validation of autonomic and endocrine reactivity to a laboratory stressor in young children. Psychoneuroendocrinology 77:51-55
Doom, Jenalee R; Hostinar, Camelia E; VanZomeren-Dohm, Adrienne A et al. (2015) The roles of puberty and age in explaining the diminished effectiveness of parental buffering of HPA reactivity and recovery in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 59:102-11