The goal of this study is to identify low frequency and rare coding variants that have significant biomedical impact in Hispanic Americans and African Americans. Family-based linkage analysis has been a powerful tool for identification of genes contributing to monogenic disorders. Until recently family-based approaches have been of limited utility in complex trait genetics. Searches for common genetic variants associated with complex traits have been highly successful in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS). It is now widely recognized, however, that common variations frequently explain only a small part of the inter-individual variation in populations. For example, numerous cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and body mass genes have been identified, but these genes collectively only explain 10% or less of the heritability. There are several possible sources for the missing heritability. We have developed a powerful and highly efficient family-based method for identification of low frequency (LF) or rare variants which contribute significantly to phenotypic variation of complex traits in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). This method has been demonstrated with the identification of an LF (1.1% MAF) coding variant in the ADIPOQ (adiponectin) gene that reduces circulating adiponectin to <20% of normal in Hispanic Americans. This mutations accounts for 17% of the variance in plasma adiponectin in the entire population and accounts for the LOD score of 8.2 in linkage analysis. Based on these efforts, we hypothesize that LF and rare variants contribute substantially to the variance in CVD risk factors. We propose a combination of family-based linkage analyses, whole exome sequencing, and association analysis to identify LF/rare variants of large effect in novel genes that significantly influence a wide range of CVD risk factors. Comprehensive analysis of IRASFS Hispanic and African American families will be used to target chromosomal regions for detailed evaluation of exome sequence data. Families contributing to evidence of linkage at selected chromosomal locations will be assessed for significant coding variations. Importantly this approach enables the rapid interrogation of a wide range of CVD risk phenotypes including novel measures. Variants identified from the family-based approaches will be tested for association in the entire IRASFS sample and replicated in meta analysis of multiple Hispanic (n=6880) and African American (n=15,180) DNA samples to test the primary trait association and assess the influence of high effect variants on subclinical and clinical CVD.

Public Health Relevance

The goal of this study is to identify low frequency and rare coding variants that have significant biomedical impact on cardiovascular disease risk in Hispanic and African Americans. The study will incorporate a combination of family-based analysis and exome sequencing.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01HG007112-04S1
Application #
8969790
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZHL1 (F2))
Program Officer
Madden, Ebony B
Project Start
2012-05-01
Project End
2017-03-31
Budget Start
2015-04-03
Budget End
2016-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$88,734
Indirect Cost
$31,394
Name
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
937727907
City
Winston-Salem
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27157
Gao, Chuan; Langefeld, Carl D; Ziegler, Julie T et al. (2018) Genome-Wide Study of Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue Reveals Novel Sex-Specific Adiposity Loci in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:202-212
Gao, Chuan; Tabb, Keri L; Dimitrov, Latchezar M et al. (2018) Exome Sequencing Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Circulating Lipid Levels in Mexican Americans: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS). Sci Rep 8:5603
Tabb, Keri L; Gao, Chuan; Hicks, Pamela J et al. (2017) Adiponectin Isoform Patterns in Ethnic-Specific ADIPOQ Mutation Carriers: The IRAS Family Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25:1384-1390
Hellwege, Jacklyn N; Palmer, Nicholette D; Dimitrov, Latchezar et al. (2017) Genome-wide linkage and association analysis of cardiometabolic phenotypes in Hispanic Americans. J Hum Genet 62:175-184
Graff, Mariaelisa; Emery, Leslie S; Justice, Anne E et al. (2017) Genetic architecture of lipid traits in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos. Lipids Health Dis 16:200
Tabb, Keri L; Hellwege, Jacklyn N; Palmer, Nicholette D et al. (2017) Analysis of Whole Exome Sequencing with Cardiometabolic Traits Using Family-Based Linkage and Association in the IRAS Family Study. Ann Hum Genet 81:49-58
Wood, Andrew R; Jonsson, Anna; Jackson, Anne U et al. (2017) A Genome-Wide Association Study of IVGTT-Based Measures of First-Phase Insulin Secretion Refines the Underlying Physiology of Type 2 Diabetes Variants. Diabetes 66:2296-2309
Hellwege, Jacklyn N; Palmer, Nicholette D; Mark Brown, W et al. (2015) Empirical characteristics of family-based linkage to a complex trait: the ADIPOQ region and adiponectin levels. Hum Genet 134:203-13
Wessel, Jennifer; Chu, Audrey Y; Willems, Sara M et al. (2015) Low-frequency and rare exome chip variants associate with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes susceptibility. Nat Commun 6:5897
Palmer, Nicholette D; Stevens, Robert D; Antinozzi, Peter A et al. (2015) Metabolomic profile associated with insulin resistance and conversion to diabetes in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:E463-8

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