More than 100 hormones, peptides, and transmitters initiate change in target cells by binding to a class of guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein-linked receptors. Many of these bound receptors evoke a rise in intracellular calcium, a ubiquitous second messenger with control over cellular events ranging from contraction and enzyme modulation to nuclear transcription. A key question in pharmacology and cell biology is how the specific information, preserved in signal transduction through unique transmitter molecules, receptors, and G protein subtypes, is sustained by the calcium signal.
The aim of this grant is to use new techniques, combined with a number of traditional methods, to understand the generation, control, and information content of the calcium signal. There are four specific aims of this proposal, each related to understanding the spatial and temporal information imparted by signal transduction chains evoking calcium release. A powerful experimental model, the Xenopus toad oocyte, will be studied with a unique confocal microscope capable of manipulating and imaging subcellular domains within this single cell. The oocyte is used as the model because it is a standard expression system, has a large cell volume in which to define spatial calclium distribution, and obeys many of the same rules of signal transduction as mammalian cells. The four aims are; first, to define the distribution of receptors expressed on the cell surface in relation to underlying evoked calcium waves; second, to test the mechanisms by which various G protein subunits initiate unique patterns of calcium release; third, to understand the intracellular mechanisms of regenerative calcium release; and fourth, to correlate spatial and temporal control of calcium to the function and distribution of intracellular organelles. Calcium is the most highly regulated ion in cells; normal intracellular concentrations are a 10 million fold less inside than outside the cell. A league of enzymes and pumps regulate its distribution in space and time, and calcium in turn, regulates an array of cellular functions. The experiments proposed in this application will define the cellular control of intracellular calcium in shaping its information content and messenger function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL041303-05
Application #
3358995
Study Section
Pharmacology A Study Section (PHRA)
Project Start
1988-07-01
Project End
1994-06-30
Budget Start
1992-07-02
Budget End
1993-06-30
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Mayo Clinic, Rochester
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Rochester
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55905
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Perez-Terzic, C M; Chini, E N; Shen, S S et al. (1995) Ca2+ release triggered by nicotinate adenine dinucleotide phosphate in intact sea urchin eggs. Biochem J 312 ( Pt 3):955-9
Atri, A; Amundson, J; Clapham, D et al. (1993) A single-pool model for intracellular calcium oscillations and waves in the Xenopus laevis oocyte. Biophys J 65:1727-39
Nanavati, C; Clapham, D E; Ito, H et al. (1990) A comparison of the roles of purified G protein subunits in the activation of the cardiac muscarinic K+ channel. Soc Gen Physiol Ser 45:29-41
Lewis, D L; Lechleiter, J D; Kim, D et al. (1990) Intracellular regulation of ion channels in cell membranes. Mayo Clin Proc 65:1127-43
Lewis, D L; Clapham, D E (1989) Somatostatin activates an inwardly rectifying K+ channel in neonatal rat atrial cells. Pflugers Arch 414:492-4