Defibrillation is routinely used in patients to interrupt ventricular fibrillation, yet there is a need to improve its efficacy and reduce side effects. To achieve these goals, a better understanding of the interaction between defibrillation shocks and cardiac tissue is needed. This application will address two fundamental questions: (1) how electrical field produces changes of transmembrane potential (deltaVm), which are necessary for defibrillation; (2) how strong defibrillation shocks induce arrhythmias, that can cause defibrillation failure. To achieve a deeper mechanistic understanding of these events, we will monitor spatio-temporal dynamics of Vm and Ca 2+ changes during shocks using novel techniques for simultaneous optical imaging of Vm and Cai2+ and ratiometric imaging of Vm. Studies will be performed in two experimental models that offer unique advantages for studying defibrillation mechanisms: patterned growth cell cultures and coronary perfused wedges of pig ventricles. Using 2-dimensional cell cultures will allow for precise control of tissue structure, electrical field and cell environment. Using coronary perfused wedges of ventricular myocardium will allow to obtain information on intramural shock-induced changes of Vm. The project will have three Specific Aims. 1) To determine the mechanisms of nonlinear shock-induced deltaVm. Recent optical mapping studies showed that defibrillation shocks induce complex nonlinear deltaVm. The roles of ionic currents and membrane electroporation in nonlinear deltaVm responses will be determined in cell cultures using simultaneous Vm/Cai2+ mapping and ionic channel blockers. 2) To determine the mechanism of arrhythmias induced by strong shocks. Using patterned growth cell cultures we will determine the type of deltaVm causing post-shock arrhythmias, the roles of Cai2+ overload and Vm depolarization, modulation of arrhythmia initiation by tissue structure, hyperkalemia and shock waveform. 3) To determine the distribution and magnitude of intramural deltaVm. Presently, no data are available on deltaVm in the intramural layers of myocardium during shocks. We will use optical mapping of Vm to measure the distributions of deltaVm in intramural layers of coronary-perfused wedges of pig ventricles and the effects of deltaVm on the duration of intramural action potentials.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL067748-02
Application #
6527960
Study Section
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research A Study Section (CVA)
Program Officer
Dunn, Rosalie
Project Start
2001-08-10
Project End
2006-07-31
Budget Start
2002-08-01
Budget End
2003-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2002
Total Cost
$215,250
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Schools of Engineering
DUNS #
004514360
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Li, Qince; Ni, Rong Ruby; Hong, Huixian et al. (2017) Electrophysiological Properties and Viability of Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocyte Cultures with Inducible ChR2 Expression. Sci Rep 7:1531
Kong, Wei; Fast, Vladimir G (2014) The role of dye affinity in optical measurements of Cai(2+) transients in cardiac muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 307:H73-9
Yan, Jiajie; Kong, Wei; Zhang, Qiang et al. (2013) c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation contributes to reduced connexin43 and development of atrial arrhythmias. Cardiovasc Res 97:589-97
Kong, Wei; Ideker, Raymond E; Fast, Vladimir G (2012) Intramural optical mapping of V(m) and Ca(i)2+ during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in canine hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302:H1294-305
Sowell, Brittany; Fast, Vladimir G (2012) Ionic mechanism of shock-induced arrhythmias: role of intracellular calcium. Heart Rhythm 9:96-104
Kong, Wei; Pollard, Andrew E; Fast, Vladimir G (2011) A new optrode design for intramural optical recordings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 58:3130-4
Dosdall, Derek J; Fast, Vladimir G; Ideker, Raymond E (2010) Mechanisms of defibrillation. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 12:233-58
Kong, Wei; Ideker, Raymond E; Fast, Vladimir G (2009) Transmural optical measurements of Vm dynamics during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in canine hearts. Heart Rhythm 6:796-802
Bourgeois, Elliot B; Fast, Vladimir G; Collins, Rueben L et al. (2009) Change in conduction velocity due to fiber curvature in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56:855-61
Kong, Wei; Fakhari, Nadia; Sharifov, Oleg F et al. (2007) Optical measurements of intramural action potentials in isolated porcine hearts using optrodes. Heart Rhythm 4:1430-6

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