Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive, genetically heterogeneous disorder with defective mucociliary clearance. This ongoing project is designed to identify additional disease-causing mutations in PCD using whole exome sequencing, and then to correlate the molecular etiologies with the ciliary phenotype (ultrastructure, wave form and beat frequency), production of nasal nitric oxide in vivo, and clinical phenotype. We have robust preliminary data that discrete sets of genes contribute to the structure and function of the ciliary outer dynein arm (ODA), inner dynein arm (IDA), and central pair (CP) and radial spokes (RS). For patients with these ciliary ultrastructural (electron microscopic, EM) defects, nasal nitric oxide (nNO) production is uniformly low (~ 20 ml/min), including patients with mutations we recently discovered by exome sequencing in novel genes that cause ODA defects (CCDC114) or ODA+IDA defects (SPAG1;HEATR2;LRRC6;&ZMYND10). We are now identifying an increasing number of PCD patients with normal ciliary ultrastructure (up to 31% of PCD patients at UNC) and 50% of those patients have biallelic mutations in DNAH11, RSPH4A, or two novel genes we recently discovered (RSPH1 &CCDC65). Over the past 3 years, we have made great progress in identifying mutations in 15 genes that cause ~60% of PCD, but we need to identify the remaining major PCD-causing genes. We are now whole exome sequencing 100 additional patients (NIH 1X0101HL115246-01 grant) by an NHLBI-supported sequencing center (Yale;Dr. R. Lifton). This exome sequencing project will extend our search for disease-causing mutations by including patients who have a PCD-compatible clinical phenotype, but with nNO values that are higher than typical for PCD patients with ciliary EM defects. Followup studies will be performed at UNC to validate novel gene discoveries, and characterize gene/protein expression and function in human ciliated airway cells. Taken together, these studies will provide new insights regarding the relationship of mutations in novel genes to ciliary ultrastructural and functional defects. These studies will not only greatly enhance our ability to diagnose PCD, but will also lead to discovery of """"""""milder"""""""" genetic mutations associated with normal ciliary ultrastructure and likely some residual ciliary function. Ultimately, this will allow development of clinical genetic testing for PCD, and future studies of the role of partial loss of ciliary function in the predisposition to moe common airways diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The overall goals of this project are to use whole exome sequencing to identify the mutations in genes that are key to the function of respiratory cilia to protect the normal lung, and the effects of genetic mutations that adversely affect ciliary functio and cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), which results in life-shortening lung disease. Successful completion of this project will enable genetic testing for PCD. Long-term, we hope to develop better understanding of the underlying genetic variability that adversely modifies ciliary function, and predisposes to common airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
| Rosenfeld, Margaret; Ostrowski, Lawrence E; Zariwala, Maimoona A (2018) Primary ciliary dyskinesia: keep it on your radar. Thorax 73:101-102 |
| Bustamante-Marin, Ximena M; Ostrowski, Lawrence E (2017) Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9: |
| Blackburn, Kevin; Bustamante-Marin, Ximena; Yin, Weining et al. (2017) Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Human Airway Cilia Identifies Previously Uncharacterized Proteins of High Abundance. J Proteome Res 16:1579-1592 |
| Leigh, Margaret W; Ferkol, Thomas W; Davis, Stephanie D et al. (2016) Clinical Features and Associated Likelihood of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in Children and Adolescents. Ann Am Thorac Soc 13:1305-13 |
| Shapiro, Adam J; Zariwala, Maimoona A; Ferkol, Thomas et al. (2016) Diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD foundation consensus recommendations based on state of the art review. Pediatr Pulmonol 51:115-32 |
| Knowles, Michael R; Zariwala, Maimoona; Leigh, Margaret (2016) Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Clin Chest Med 37:449-61 |
| Sears, Patrick R; Yin, Wei-Ning; Ostrowski, Lawrence E (2015) Continuous mucociliary transport by primary human airway epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309:L99-108 |
| Lobo, Jason; Zariwala, Maimoona A; Noone, Peadar G (2015) Primary ciliary dyskinesia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 36:169-79 |
| Lucas, Jane S; Behan, Laura; Dunn Galvin, Audrey et al. (2015) A quality-of-life measure for adults with primary ciliary dyskinesia: QOL-PCD. Eur Respir J 46:375-83 |
| Fedick, Anastasia M; Jalas, Chaim; Treff, Nathan R et al. (2015) Carrier frequencies of eleven mutations in eight genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 3:137-42 |
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