Dietary factors play an important role in generating inflammatory signals that can lead to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. They do so by stimulating the expression in adipocytes of monocyte chemotactic factors, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), the form of SAA produced by adipocytes. These nutritional factors include glucose excess, certain saturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol (or oxysterols that result from cholesterol oxidation in foods). Conversely, fish oils appear to have the opposite effect and may protect against macrophage accumulation in visceral fat. In this grant we plan to test the overall hypothesis that nutritional factors that result in the generation of reactive oxygen species or other inflammatory stimuli will activate NF:B-dependent chemotactic pathways in adipocytes, leading to the generation of chemotactic factors, macrophage accumulation, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. To this end we propose three specific aims: (1) To evaluate mechanisms by which nutrients regulate the expression of monocyte chemotactic factors by adipocytes in vitro;(2) To investigate several potential mechanism that might account for these effects, including the roles of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a protein called FLAP (which generates a powerful lipid chemotactic factor) and SAA3, on the accumulation of macrophages in visceral adipose tissue in vivo;and (3) To assess potential mechanisms by which dietary cholesterol and dietary oxysterols lead to macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. Collectively these studies will provide critical information regarding the role of nutrients and nutrient excess in macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, and will lead to therapeutic insights into how to reduce adipose tissue inflammation and its downstream consequences.

Public Health Relevance

The accumulation of inflammatory cells in fat tissue leads to several adverse consequences, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and a predisposition to vascular disease. Nutritional factors that appear to facilitate the accumulation of the inflammatory cells include saturated fats (the type found mainly in meat and dairy products), nutrient excess in the form of sugar, and dietary cholesterol and some compounds that are formed from cholesterol during food storage and preparation. This grant will investigate mechanisms by which these dietary factors cause these changes, and will provide insights into the prevention of adipose tissue inflammation and its consequences.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL094352-01A1
Application #
7729549
Study Section
Integrative Nutrition and Metabolic Processes Study Section (INMP)
Program Officer
Rabadan-Diehl, Cristina
Project Start
2009-08-01
Project End
2013-05-31
Budget Start
2009-08-01
Budget End
2010-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$415,000
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Den Hartigh, Laura J; Omer, Mohamed; Goodspeed, Leela et al. (2017) Adipocyte-Specific Deficiency of NADPH Oxidase 4 Delays the Onset of Insulin Resistance and Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 37:466-475
den Hartigh, Laura J; Wang, Shari; Goodspeed, Leela et al. (2014) Deletion of serum amyloid A3 improves high fat high sucrose diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation and hyperlipidemia in female mice. PLoS One 9:e108564
Averill, Michelle M; Kim, Eung Ju; Goodspeed, Leela et al. (2014) The apolipoprotein-AI mimetic peptide L4F at a modest dose does not attenuate weight gain, inflammation, or atherosclerosis in LDLR-null mice. PLoS One 9:e109252
den Hartigh, Laura J; Han, Chang Yeop; Wang, Shari et al. (2013) 10E,12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. J Lipid Res 54:2964-78
Tateya, Sanshiro; Rizzo-De Leon, Norma; Handa, Priya et al. (2013) VASP increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation by activating AMPK in mice. Diabetes 62:1913-22
Umemoto, Tomio; Han, Chang Yeop; Mitra, Poulami et al. (2013) Apolipoprotein AI and high-density lipoprotein have anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes via cholesterol transporters: ATP-binding cassette A-1, ATP-binding cassette G-1, and scavenger receptor B-1. Circ Res 112:1345-54
Montes, Vince N; Turner, Michael S; Subramanian, Savitha et al. (2013) T cell activation inhibitors reduce CD8+ T cell and pro-inflammatory macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue of obese mice. PLoS One 8:e67709
Cheng, Andrew M; Handa, Priya; Tateya, Sanshiro et al. (2012) Apolipoprotein A-I attenuates palmitate-mediated NF-?B activation by reducing Toll-like receptor-4 recruitment into lipid rafts. PLoS One 7:e33917
Han, Chang Yeop; Umemoto, Tomio; Omer, Mohamed et al. (2012) NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species increases expression of monocyte chemotactic factor genes in cultured adipocytes. J Biol Chem 287:10379-93
Umemoto, Tomio; Subramanian, Savitha; Ding, Yilei et al. (2012) Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption decreases atherosclerosis but not adipose tissue inflammation. J Lipid Res 53:2380-9

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