Physical inactivity is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is now considered the leading cause of premature death (Blair, 2009). Rates of physical inactivity continue to increase along with health care costs to treat CVD. Despite these disturbing trends, the mechanisms by which a sedentary lifestyle leads to CVD are not fully known. CVD is associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity and overactivity of a brainstem region known as the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) (Sved et al., 2003; Guyenet, 2006). Sympathoexcitatory responses to direct activation of the RVLM are enhanced in sedentary versus physically active animals (Mischel and Mueller, 2011). These data suggest that a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to the development of CVD by increased sensitivity of RVLM neurons. Our long term goal is to understand the central sympathetic mechanisms by which physical inactivity contributes to the development of CVD. This is an important clinical, economic and public health care problem. The overall objective of this application is to define the mechanisms and time course by which physical inactivity increases, and physical activity prevents over-activation of presympathetic neurons in the RVLM. The central hypothesis is that enhanced sympathoexcitation observed in sedentary animals is due to structural and functional neuroplasticity in RVLM neurons that regulate sympathetic activity. We will test this central hypothesis by focusing on the following distinct, bt interrelated specific aims: 1) Determine the functional mechanisms by which sedentary conditions enhance neuronal activity in rostral regions of the RVLM. 2) Define structural mechanisms by which sedentary conditions enhance activation of bulbospinal neurons in rostral regions of the RVLM. 3) Delineate molecular and cellular mechanisms by which sedentary conditions produce enhanced endogenous excitatory neurotransmission in rostral regions of the RVLM. Our proposal provides a compelling rationale to understand the underlying molecular, cellular and anatomical mechanisms by which physical inactivity alters neurotransmission in the RVLM. Without this knowledge our understanding of how physical inactivity increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and how exercise prevents or rescues the inactivity phenotype is extremely limited. This problem has significant social and economic implications since physical inactivity is described as the biggest health care problem of the 21st century(Blair, 2009). We expect to establish at the end of this five year project the extent to which physical activity and inactivity impact regulation of a brain region that is critical to norml and pathophysiological increases in sympathetic nervous system activity. These studies may improve the lives of individuals who are unable to exercise or find difficulty exercising by 1) the development of new treatment options for CVD; 2) increasing public awareness of the detrimental effects of a sedentary lifestyle; and 3) indirectly reducing escalating health care costs associated with physical inactivity.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because a sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is now considered the number one cause of preventable death. This proposal examines an important group of neurons within the brain that we propose contribute to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in sedentary individuals. This contribution is significant because it is expected to provide knowledge that could be used to develop therapeutic strategies that will counteract the effects of a sedentary lifestyle on cardiovascular diseases that are currently burdening the population and our health care system.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL096787-08
Application #
9463480
Study Section
Hypertension and Microcirculation Study Section (HM)
Program Officer
Charette, Marc F
Project Start
2010-08-01
Project End
2019-03-31
Budget Start
2018-04-01
Budget End
2019-03-31
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Wayne State University
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001962224
City
Detroit
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48202
Huereca, Daniel J; Bakoulas, Konstandinos A; Ghoddoussi, Farhad et al. (2018) Development of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious rats: Importance of normalization and comparison with other regions of interest. NMR Biomed 31:
Dombrowski, Maryetta D; Mueller, Patrick J (2017) Sedentary conditions and enhanced responses to GABA in the RVLM: role of the contralateral RVLM. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 313:R158-R168
Lalande, Sophie; Mueller, Patrick J; Chung, Charles S (2017) The link between exercise and titin passive stiffness. Exp Physiol 102:1055-1066
Mueller, Patrick J; Clifford, Philip S; Crandall, Craig G et al. (2017) Integration of Central and Peripheral Regulation of the Circulation during Exercise: Acute and Chronic Adaptations. Compr Physiol 8:103-151
Subramanian, Madhan; Mueller, Patrick J (2016) Altered Differential Control of Sympathetic Outflow Following Sedentary Conditions: Role of Subregional Neuroplasticity in the RVLM. Front Physiol 7:290
Wang, Hanjun; Case, Adam J; Wang, Wei-Zhong et al. (2016) Redox Signaling and Neural Control of Cardiovascular Function. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:7086018
Mischel, Nicholas A; Subramanian, Madhan; Dombrowski, Maryetta D et al. (2015) (In)activity-related neuroplasticity in brainstem control of sympathetic outflow: unraveling underlying molecular, cellular, and anatomical mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309:H235-43
Subramanian, Madhan; Holt, Avril G; Mueller, Patrick J (2014) Physical activity correlates with glutamate receptor gene expression in spinally-projecting RVLM neurons: a laser capture microdissection study. Brain Res 1585:51-62
Mischel, Nicholas A; Llewellyn-Smith, Ida J; Mueller, Patrick J (2014) Physical (in)activity-dependent structural plasticity in bulbospinal catecholaminergic neurons of rat rostral ventrolateral medulla. J Comp Neurol 522:499-513
Llewellyn-Smith, Ida J; Mueller, Patrick J (2013) Immunoreactivity for the NMDA NR1 subunit in bulbospinal catecholamine and serotonin neurons of rat ventral medulla. Auton Neurosci 177:114-22

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