Advanced age is a major risk factor for cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the importance of physical activity for preserving brain health in older adults. However, at present, we know very little about the underlying mechanisms. Arterial stiffening and increases in central pulse pressure are the hallmark of arterial aging which may have significant impact on brain perfusion. The overall objective of this proposal is to test the central hypothesis that exercise training improves brain perfusion by modifying arterial aging and these changes lead to increases in regional brain volume and reductions in white matter lesions, and thus improvement in cognitive function in older adults over 65. The following specific aims will be accomplished: 1) to determine whether increases in arterial stiffness and central pulse pressure with age are associated with increases in cerebrovascular resistance/impedance, reduction in brain perfusion and cerebrovascular dysfunction;2) to determine whether exercise training improves brain perfusion by modifying arterial aging as indicated by reductions in cerebrovascular resistance/impedance, arterial stiffness, central pulse pressure and/or improvement in vascular endothelial function;3) to determine whether improvement in brain perfusion with exercise training leads to increases in regional brain volume, reductions in white matter lesions and improvement in cognitive function. To accomplish this goal, a cross-sectional study of the young, middle-aged and elderly individuals will be conducted for aim 1. Furthermore, a longitudinal study of aerobic exercise training and control (flexibility and balance training) will be conducted for one year in the elderly for aim 2 and 3. The state-of-the-art transcranial Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging will be used to measure changes in brain perfusion and structure. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological testing sensitive to age will be used to measure changes in cognitive function. Advanced statistical methods of multiple variable regression and mediation model analysis will be used to determine the relationship between arterial aging, brain perfusion, structure and cognitive function.

Public Health Relevance

Advanced age is a major risk factor for cognitive decline. With the growing share of older adults in the general population, the prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia, is also on the rise. Thus, in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of brain aging and developing preventive interventions to maintain cognitive health is one of the biggest social and scientific challenges for the 21st century. This proposal will determine whether aerobic exercise training increases brain perfusion leading to improvement in brain structure and cognitive function in the elderly. Furthermore, we will determine whether these changes are mediated by modifying arterial aging. The new knowledge obtained will provide in-depth understanding the vascular mechanisms for exercise preserving brain health. Practically, the new findings are potentially important for developing new strategies to maintain cognitive vitality with age.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL102457-03
Application #
8284378
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Cardiovascular Sciences Study Section (CICS)
Program Officer
Reid, Diane M
Project Start
2010-04-01
Project End
2014-03-31
Budget Start
2012-04-01
Budget End
2013-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$516,692
Indirect Cost
$20,589
Name
University of Texas Sw Medical Center Dallas
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
800771545
City
Dallas
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
75390
Ding, Kan; Tarumi, Takashi; Zhu, David C et al. (2018) Cardiorespiratory Fitness and White Matter Neuronal Fiber Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 61:729-739
Xing, Chang-Yang; Tarumi, Takashi; Meijers, Rutger L et al. (2017) Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Cerebral Hemodynamics Across the Adult Life Span. Hypertension 69:712-720
Stowe, Ann M; Ireland, Sara J; Ortega, Sterling B et al. (2017) Adaptive lymphocyte profiles correlate to brain A? burden in patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 14:149
Liu, Jie; Tseng, Benjamin Y; Khan, Muhammad Ayaz et al. (2016) Individual variability of cerebral autoregulation, posterior cerebral circulation and white matter hyperintensity. J Physiol 594:3141-55
Zhu, David C; Tarumi, Takashi; Khan, Muhammad Ayaz et al. (2015) Vascular coupling in resting-state fMRI: evidence from multiple modalities. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35:1910-20
Tarumi, Takashi; Harris, Thomas S; Hill, Candace et al. (2015) Amyloid burden and sleep blood pressure in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 85:1922-9
Tarumi, Takashi; de Jong, Daan L K; Zhu, David C et al. (2015) Central artery stiffness, baroreflex sensitivity, and brain white matter neuronal fiber integrity in older adults. Neuroimage 110:162-70
Tarumi, Takashi; Zhang, Rong (2015) The Role of Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adaptation in Brain Health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 43:181-9
Brothers, R Matthew; Lucas, Rebekah A I; Zhu, Yong-Sheng et al. (2014) Cerebral vasomotor reactivity: steady-state versus transient changes in carbon dioxide tension. Exp Physiol 99:1499-510
Tarumi, Takashi; Ayaz Khan, Muhammad; Liu, Jie et al. (2014) Cerebral hemodynamics in normal aging: central artery stiffness, wave reflection, and pressure pulsatility. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34:971-8

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