Microtubule-associated Rac regulation and acute lung injury. Compromised lung endothelial cell (EC) permeability leads to pulmonary edema, a serious complication observed in various lung diseases and associated with high mortality. Small GTPases Rac and Rho play opposing roles in EC cytoskeletal remodeling and cell junction dynamics, the critical mechanisms of endothelial barrier regulation. Precise regulation of small GTPase activities in different subcellular compartments may be a key mechanism of Rac-dependent enhancement of peripheral actin, cell junction complexes and EC barrier protective potential. It is known that increased microtubule (MT) disassembly leads to EC barrier dysfunction. Our published studies show that edemagenic and pro-inflammatory agonists thrombin, TGF2 and TNF1 increase EC permeability via Rho-dependent alteration of MT dynamics leading to MT- dependent actomyosin contraction. In contrast, effects of barrier-protective agents on crosstalk between MT, cell adhesions, and actin cytoskeleton are not clear, nor the role of MT changes in Rac regulation is described. Our novel data show that MT-mediated signaling is directly involved in the EC barrier preservation by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a circulating molecule with proven protective effects in the models of acute ling injury (ALI). These results have led us to a hypothesis that microtubules may mediate barrier-protective effects of HGF and attenuate acute pulmonary EC dysfunction via MT-associated signaling complexes. We hypothesize that MT-associated adaptor protein APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) can bind and deliver a novel Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Asef along MT to the cell periphery, where Asef switches its cytoskeletal localization from MT to actin and targets actin-associated Rac effector IGQAP1. This mechanism may lead to a novel paradigm of microtubule- dependent enhancement of peripheral actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell junctions via targeted delivery of Rac activator Asef, which promote EC barrier properties and lung repair mechanisms in ALI.
Specific Aim #1 will examine the role of APC and Asef in the Rac GTPase activation and HGF-induced barrier enhancement in pulmonary endothelial cells.
Specific Aim #2 will study the role of MT in APC/Asef activation and intracellular localization.
Specific Aim #3 will examine HGF-induced APC/Asef interactions with IQGAP1 and study the role of APC/Asef/IQGAP1 complex in HGF-induced EC barrier enhancement.
Specific Aim #4 will use siRNA-based Asef knockdown in vivo, Asef knockout mice, and rescue strategies to evaluate Asef role in the lung protective mechanisms against ALI. These studies will characterize novel barrier protective mechanisms and identify new protein targets for future therapies aimed at prevention of the pulmonary vascular barrier dysfunction associated with acute lung injury.

Public Health Relevance

Reorganization of the endothelial cytoskeleton provides a structural basis for increased vascular permeability implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including ventilator induced lung injury, sepsis, and ARDS. Using multidisciplinary biochemical, cell and molecular approaches as well as animal model of ALI, this application will examine a role of microtubule-associated regulators of Rac signaling in the mediation of protective effects of hepatocyte growth factor on pulmonary endothelial barrier. This translational research proposal will provide mechanistic insights into regulation of EC permeability via novel dynamic interactions between microtubule-associated regulators of Rac GTPase signaling, adherens junction protein complexes, and actin cytoskeleton. This study will link for the first time in vitro analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of lung endothelial barrier regulation by microtubule-associated signaling and in vivo models of VILI. We believe that the results of these studies will identify new protein targets involved in microtubule- dependent control of lung permeability, which may be used for drug design and new therapies for prevention of pulmonary vascular barrier dysfunction associated with acute lung inflammation and injury.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL107920-04
Application #
8669123
Study Section
Respiratory Integrative Biology and Translational Research Study Section (RIBT)
Program Officer
Reineck, Lora Ann
Project Start
2011-08-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Chicago
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60637
Tian, Xinyong; Ohmura, Tomomi; Shah, Alok S et al. (2017) Role of End Binding Protein-1 in endothelial permeability response to barrier-disruptive and barrier-enhancing agonists. Cell Signal 29:1-11
Ke, Yunbo; Oskolkova, Olga V; Sarich, Nicolene et al. (2017) Effects of prostaglandin lipid mediators on agonist-induced lung endothelial permeability and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 313:L710-L721
Huang, Ru-Ting; Wu, David; Meliton, Angelo et al. (2017) Experimental Lung Injury Reduces Krüppel-like Factor 2 to Increase Endothelial Permeability via Regulation of RAPGEF3-Rac1 Signaling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:639-651
Oskolkova, Olga; Gawlak, Grzegorz; Tian, Yufeng et al. (2017) Prostaglandin E receptor-4 receptor mediates endothelial barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized phospholipids. FASEB J 31:4187-4202
Ke, Yunbo; Zebda, Noureddine; Oskolkova, Olga et al. (2017) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of OxPAPC Involve Endothelial Cell-Mediated Generation of LXA4. Circ Res 121:244-257
Ohmura, Tomomi; Tian, Yufeng; Sarich, Nicolene et al. (2017) Regulation of lung endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses by prostaglandin A2: role of EP4 receptor. Mol Biol Cell 28:1622-1635
Birukova, Anna A; Shah, Alok S; Tian, Yufeng et al. (2016) Selective Role of Vinculin in Contractile Mechanisms of Endothelial Permeability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 55:476-486
Tian, Yufeng; Gawlak, Grzegorz; O'Donnell 3rd, James J et al. (2016) Modulation of Endothelial Inflammation by Low and High Magnitude Cyclic Stretch. PLoS One 11:e0153387
Tian, Yufeng; Gawlak, Grzegorz; Tian, Xinyong et al. (2016) Role of Cingulin in Agonist-induced Vascular Endothelial Permeability. J Biol Chem 291:23681-23692
Birukova, Anna A; Shah, Alok S; Tian, Yufeng et al. (2016) Dual role of vinculin in barrier-disruptive and barrier-enhancing endothelial cell responses. Cell Signal 28:541-51

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