Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is the only major cause of death for which the age-adjusted death rate has increased in recent years. As progress is made in understanding the genetic and molecular pathways involved in COPD, there is a growing need for improved tools to characterize lung function for applications such as coupling genetic subtypes to phenotype expression, monitoring functional response to new treatments, or aiding in the rapid development of novel respiratory drugs. Nonetheless, despite a myriad of technical advances in medical imaging, it remains challenging to obtain in-vivo regional depiction and quantification of the most basic physiological functions of the lung - gas delivery to the airspaces and gas uptake by the lung parenchyma and blood - in a manner suitable for routine application in humans. To address this unmet need, this project takes advantage of a method recently developed by our group, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (hypXe129), that permits simultaneous observation of the 3D distributions of ventilation (gas delivery) and gas uptake, as well as quantification of regional gas uptake based on the associated ventilation, from a single short breath-hold acquisition suitable for subjects with compromised respiratory function.
The first aim of this project is to implement, and validate in human subjects, key improvements to this technique, including the ability to separately depict in the images the fraction of hypXe129 dissolved in red blood cells and that dissolved in lung parenchyma/plasma.
The second aim i s to characterize gas uptake in the healthy lung, as reflected by dissolved-hypXe129 signals, by measuring signal behaviors as a function of measurement parameters and lung inflation in healthy subjects, and then derive optimized protocols, based on the signal-behavior data, for measuring the associated 3D distributions of gas uptake. These optimized protocols will be validated in subjects with mild and severe COPD. The third and final aim is to perform an exploratory study in 20 healthy control subjects, 10 smokers with normal spirometry and 30 subjects with COPD, ranging from GOLD stage 1 to 3, to characterize, as a function of disease severity, the normalized gas- uptake distributions for dissolved hypXe129 and for the fractions of hypXe129 dissolved in red blood cells and lung parenchyma/plasma. These gas-uptake results will be compared to results from standard computed tomography (CT) of the chest and pulmonary function testing. Successful completion of the proposed project will result in an improved, optimized version of the method for simultaneous MR imaging of ventilation and gas uptake that provides normalized regional gas-uptake values, which can be quantitatively compared among subjects. This technique offers important functional information about the lung, which is not available from any existing clinical imaging modality, and has substantial potential to provide unique, physiologically relevant, and clinically important information about COPD.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed project aims to develop an optimized and improved version of a method based on magnetic resonance imaging that provides unique and important regional functional information about gas exchange in the lung. Results from the proposed studies in healthy subjects and subjects with COPD using this technique will lay the foundation for its application, in future projects, for purposes such as (i) improving our understanding of the functional manifestations of COPD progression, including the rapid changes in function that often occur with acute exacerbations, (ii) monitoring of the lung's functional response to modified or new treatment regimens for COPD, and (iii) providing an improved phenotypic description for correlation to genetic fingerprints of COPD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL109618-02
Application #
8277874
Study Section
Medical Imaging Study Section (MEDI)
Program Officer
Punturieri, Antonello
Project Start
2011-07-01
Project End
2016-05-31
Budget Start
2012-06-01
Budget End
2013-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$478,617
Indirect Cost
$125,612
Name
University of Virginia
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
065391526
City
Charlottesville
State
VA
Country
United States
Zip Code
22904
Qing, Kun; Tustison, Nicholas J; Mugler 3rd, John P et al. (2018) Probing Changes in Lung Physiology in COPD Using CT, Perfusion MRI, and Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI. Acad Radiol :
Ruppert, Kai; Qing, Kun; Patrie, James T et al. (2018) Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Quantify Early-Stage Lung Disease in Smokers. Acad Radiol :
Tustison, Nicholas J; Avants, Brian B; Lin, Zixuan et al. (2018) Convolutional Neural Networks with Template-Based Data Augmentation for Functional Lung Image Quantification. Acad Radiol :
Ruppert, Kai; Altes, Talissa A; Mata, Jaime F et al. (2016) Detecting pulmonary capillary blood pulsations using hyperpolarized xenon-129 chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 75:1771-80
Qing, Kun; Ruppert, Kai; Jiang, Yun et al. (2014) Regional mapping of gas uptake by blood and tissue in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 39:346-59
Qing, Kun; Mugler 3rd, John P; Altes, Talissa A et al. (2014) Assessment of lung function in asthma and COPD using hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery spectroscopy and dissolved-phase MRI. NMR Biomed 27:1490-501
Mugler 3rd, John P; Altes, Talissa A (2013) Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of the human lung. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:313-31