Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes are a growing public health issue that has reached epidemic proportions in Western society. There is a constant need to devise new therapies, including behavioral and pharmacologic interventions that offer long-term efficacy. We have recently, and unexpectedly, found that chronic adaptation to continuous hypoxia (CH;i.e. simulating altitude exposure) can increase insulin sensitivity in lean mice. Moreover, even exposure to mild nocturnal hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The literature and our own data suggest that increased circulating nitrite, the predominant source of bioactive nitric oxide (NO) during hypoxia, likely contributes to the metabolic benefits of CH. Our data show that combining hypoxia and nitrite administration is a potent stimulus for upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?), increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and decreasing oxidative phosphorylation overload in muscle. We will examine the relative roles of increased blood flow to muscle versus direct metabolic adaptations at the level of the myoctye. Furthermore, we will examine the contribution of the constitutive NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathway versus non-sGC pathways in mediating increases in insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose uptake in response to hypoxic exposure and nitrite administration. Our overarching hypothesis is that chronic exposure to mild nocturnal CH and exogenous nitrite administration increases muscle glucose uptake through activation of HIF-1? and increased bioavailability of NO. The following four Specific Aims will be tested in mice with genetic and diet-induced obesity.
Aim 1 : To determine the effects of chronic hypoxia on insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
Aim 2 : To (a) determine the effects of chronic nitrite administration on insulin sensitivity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in obese mice and (b) to assess the role of increased blood flow versus muscle-specific effects on increasing insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose uptake.
Aim 3 : To determine the role of HIF-1? in mediating increases in muscle glucose/insulin delivery and muscle glucose uptake with chronic hypoxic exposure and nitrite administration.
Aim 4 : To determine the mechanisms by which bioavailable NO increases muscle glucose uptake through NO-sGC pathways with chronic hypoxic exposure and nitrite administration. Our studies will not only provide new mechanistic insights into metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but also examine the potential of two, as yet untested, interacting novel therapies for improving insulin sensitivity.

Public Health Relevance

The growing epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes requires new and innovative treatment strategies. We propose that long-term adaptations that occur during hypoxic exposure (as occurs with altitude) and/or administration of nitrite (e.g. as occurs in the Mediterranean diet), can impact metabolically active tissue and mitigate insulin resistance that occurs with obesity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL111706-01A1
Application #
8367437
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-EMNR-P (02))
Program Officer
Fleg, Jerome
Project Start
2013-03-01
Project End
2017-02-28
Budget Start
2013-03-01
Budget End
2014-02-28
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$381,250
Indirect Cost
$131,250
Name
University of Pittsburgh
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004514360
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
15213
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Shah, Faraaz Ali; Singamsetty, Srikanth; Guo, Lanping et al. (2018) Stimulation of the endogenous incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide by enteral dextrose improves glucose homeostasis and inflammation in murine endotoxemia. Transl Res 193:1-12
Azarov, Ivan; Wang, Ling; Rose, Jason J et al. (2016) Five-coordinate H64Q neuroglobin as a ligand-trap antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning. Sci Transl Med 8:368ra173
Lakshmipathi, Jayalakshmi; Alvarez-Perez, Juan Carlos; Rosselot, Carolina et al. (2016) PKC? Is Essential for Pancreatic ?-Cell Replication During Insulin Resistance by Regulating mTOR and Cyclin-D2. Diabetes 65:1283-96
Singamsetty, Srikanth; Watanabe, Yoshio; Guo, Lanping et al. (2015) Inorganic nitrite improves components of the metabolic syndrome independent of weight change in a murine model of obesity and insulin resistance. J Physiol 593:3135-45