The regulation of anti-viral immune responses in the lung is dependent upon the ability to efficiently and appropriately recognize pathogenic signals and promote the proper and non-pathogenic response. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an especially pathogenic virus that can induce morbidity at all ages, especially in infants and those with underlying lung conditions. Our recent data published from our present funding cycle indicated that a critical innate immune pathway that is functional for regulating pathogenic immune response is autophagy. This omnipresent process provides all cells the ability to not only preserve resources but transport pathogen components to the proper immune recognition molecules. In particular, this process appears to be central for dendritic cell activation, cytokine production, and subsequent T cell activation. In this renewal, we will continue to examine the consequences of altering autophagy, including the regulation of ER stress and inflammasome activation, that leads to a distinct shift in innate cytokine profiles. We will more closely and mechanistically continue to explore the role of an autophagy inducer, Sirtuin 1, a NAD+ deactylase, and its effect on the regulation of not only the autophagy profiles, but also the direct and indirect effect it has on ER stress and inflammasome activation. Using Sirt1 -/- and inhibition along with Sirt1 overexpression and activation we will explore how the absence of Sirt1 along with the reduction of autophagy alters anti-RSV responses in vitro and in vivo. The shift in cytokine patterns induced by increased ER stress in the absence of autophagy and Sirt1 can lead to an altered pathogenic phenotype due to enhanced pathogenic T cell responses, especially IL-17. Thus, these studies will explore several novel and topical pathways that will not only further define the mechanisms that promote pulmonary mucosal immune responses, but expand our understanding of RSV infection and immunity.

Public Health Relevance

The regulation of immune responses is critical for controlling the severity of infectious diseases. This is especially important in vulnerable populations, such as infants and the elderly. This proposal will identify the critical role of innate immune cells and a process of Autophagy. The regulation of dendritic cells will be a primary focus that control the development of T cells during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, a virus that is particularly detrimental to infants and the elderly. These studies will give important insight into the mechanisms that govern the severity of immunopathology during RSV-induced disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL114858-08
Application #
9744746
Study Section
Lung Cellular, Molecular, and Immunobiology Study Section (LCMI)
Program Officer
Natarajan, Aruna R
Project Start
2012-08-01
Project End
2020-06-30
Budget Start
2019-07-01
Budget End
2020-06-30
Support Year
8
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Michigan Ann Arbor
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
073133571
City
Ann Arbor
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48109
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Kumar, Surinder; Lombard, David B (2018) Functions of the sirtuin deacylase SIRT5 in normal physiology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 53:311-334
Fonseca, Wendy; Lukacs, Nicholas W; Ptaschinski, Catherine (2018) Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome. Front Immunol 9:226
Kumar, Surinder; Lombard, David B (2017) Cycling around Lysine Modifications. Trends Biochem Sci 42:501-503
Ting, Hung-An; Schaller, Matthew A; de Almeida Nagata, Denise E et al. (2017) Notch Ligand Delta-like 4 Promotes Regulatory T Cell Identity in Pulmonary Viral Infection. J Immunol 198:1492-1502
Cho, Chun-Seok; Lombard, David B; Lee, Jun Hee (2017) SIRT3 as a regulator of hepatic autophagy. Hepatology 66:700-702
Giblin, William; Lombard, David B (2017) Sirtuin 6 Builds a Wall Against Inflammation, Trumping Diabetes. Diabetes 66:2535-2537
Kumar, Surinder; Lombard, David B (2017) For Certain, SIRT4 Activities! Trends Biochem Sci 42:499-501
Fonseca, W; Lucey, K; Jang, S et al. (2017) Lactobacillus johnsonii supplementation attenuates respiratory viral infection via metabolic reprogramming and immune cell modulation. Mucosal Immunol 10:1569-1580

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