HSC transplantations have become a standard of care for treating otherwise incurable blood cancers and genetic diseases. The curing of HIV and leukemia by transplanting HSCs from HIV-resistant patients with a CCR5-D32 mutation has demonstrated the power of stem cell-based therapies for AIDS. However, difficulties in the genetic modifications of autologous HSCs and in finding HLA-compatible CCR5-D32 donors significantly hamper the widespread use of somatic HSC-based AIDS therapies in the clinical setting. Converting adult human cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a unique opportunity to produce immunologically matched gene-edited therapeutic cells for diseases of the blood and immune system as iPSCs can be expanded indefinitely ex vivo, genetically modified using homologous recombination and differentiated into hematopoietic cells. However, transferring this approach to the clinic requires the improvement of iPSC- derived blood cell engraftment, development of robust cGMP-compatible protocols for blood production from iPSCs, and the bi-allelic CCR5 disruption to provide an anti-HIV effect. The proposed studies capitalize on our recent advances in identification of pre-HSC hemogenic endothelium (HE) stage in human ESC/iPSC cultures and progress in locus-specific gene editing in ESC/iPSCs using ZNF-mediated homologous recombination. The three related specific aims are directed at understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling development of HSCs from human PSCs through the HE stage, with the ultimate goal to develop clinically- relevant protocols for ex vivo production of CCR5-knockout autologous HSCs for AIDS therapies.
In aim 1, we will identify the biological regulators guiding the formation of engraftabl hematopoietic cells from HE with a goal to improve production of blood cells with regenerative potential from human PSCs.
In aim 2, we will develop homologous recombination-based technology for the bi-allelic CCR5 knockout in iPSCs and test the engraftability and safety of genetically corrected iPSC-derived blood cells following transplantation in NOD/SCD/IL2Rg-/- (NSG) mice.
In aim 3, we will test whether iPSC-derived CCR5-null cells are protected from HIV-1 challenge in NSG mice. Successful completion of the studies will validate a methodology for generation of regenerative blood cells from iPSCs and their potential use for HIV therapies. The applications of the methodology proposed here will be also useful for basic research and for future clinical applications for modification of any genomic target in iPSCs.

Public Health Relevance

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells lacking expression of HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 holds a promise as an AIDS cure. However, cell sources for these therapeutic cells remain a major limitation for wide spread use of this approach in the clinic. The major goal of the current proposal is to overcome this limitation by developing technologies for producing HIV-resistant engraftable hematopoietic cells from adult somatic cells, which have been reprogrammed to pluripotency (induced pluripotent stem cells;iPSCs).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01HL116221-02S1
Application #
8916530
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Thomas, John
Project Start
2013-08-01
Project End
2018-04-30
Budget Start
2014-09-15
Budget End
2015-04-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Wisconsin Madison
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Madison
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53715
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Suknuntha, Kran; Tao, Lihong; Brok-Volchanskaya, Vera et al. (2018) Optimization of Synthetic mRNA for Highly Efficient Translation and its Application in the Generation of Endothelial and Hematopoietic Cells from Human and Primate Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev 14:525-534
Slukvin, Igor I; Uenishi, Gene I (2018) Arterial identity of hemogenic endothelium: a key to unlock definitive hematopoietic commitment in hPSC cultures. Exp Hematol :
Park, Mi Ae; Jung, Ho Sun; Slukvin, Igor (2018) Genetic Engineering of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using PiggyBac Transposon System. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 47:e63
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Jung, Ho Sun; Uenishi, Gene; Kumar, Akhilesh et al. (2016) A human VE-cadherin-tdTomato and CD43-green fluorescent protein dual reporter cell line for study endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Stem Cell Res 17:401-405
Slukvin, Igor I (2016) Generating human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro -exploring endothelial to hematopoietic transition as a portal for stemness acquisition. FEBS Lett 590:4126-4143
Wampfler, Julian; Federzoni, Elena A; Torbett, Bruce E et al. (2015) Low DICER1 expression is associated with attenuated neutrophil differentiation and autophagy of NB4 APL cells. J Leukoc Biol 98:357-63
Tschan, Mario P; Federzoni, Elena A; Haimovici, Aladin et al. (2015) Human DMTF1? antagonizes DMTF1? regulation of the p14(ARF) tumor suppressor and promotes cellular proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1849:1198-208
Elcheva, Irina; Brok-Volchanskaya, Vera; Slukvin, Igor (2015) Direct Induction of Hemogenic Endothelium and Blood by Overexpression of Transcription Factors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Vis Exp :e52910

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