Bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation is a newly discovered form of airway smooth muscle (ASM) relaxation, and bitter tastants hold great promise as bronchodilators, which are indispensable for 300 million patients worldwide with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We seek to address two fundamental issues related to this relaxation: the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of bitter tastants in ASM, and the effectiveness of bitter tastants in chronic asthma. Bitter tastants activate the type 2 taste receptor (TAS2R)-gustducin-PLCbeta2 pathway in taste cells and some extra-oral cells. Our preliminary data, however, suggest that TAS2Rs and gustducin, but not PLCbeta2, are essential for bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation. To firmly establish this view, we will study the effects of deleting TAS2R105, alpha-gustducin or PLCbeta2 on bitter tastant-induced changes in [Ca2+]i, cell length and tension in ASM (Aim 1). The uniqueness of Tas2r105-/- mice is that the resultant function changes can be assessed reliably with cycloheximide, a ligand specific to TAS2R105. On the other hand, the advantage of alpha-gustducin-/- mice is that although the mouse genome contains 35 TAS2Rs, all of them couple with gustducin. As a result, gustducin deletion could block bronchodilation in response to a broad spectrum of bitter tastants. Our preliminary data further revealed that inhibition of L-type CaV1.2 channels is the key molecular event responsible for bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation, and this inhibition depends on pertussis toxin sensitive gustducin but not PLCbeta. Using patch clamp, pharmacology, genetic knockout mice and heterologous expression systems, we will uncover the molecular mechanism by which bitter tastants inhibit this channel (Aim 2). Finally, bitter tastants are effective bronchodilators in a mouse model of acute asthma, implying their tremendous therapeutic potential in this disorder. Yet, asthma is a chronic disease;it is thus imperative to establish the effectiveness of bitter tastants in chronic asthma. Our preliminary study revealed that bitter tastants reverse the contraction of airways from two mouse models of chronic asthma including one induced by Asperigillus fumigates crude protein extract, a common allergen of human asthmatics.
In Aim 3, we will systematically characterize this effect in vitro and in vivo in these mice, and determine its molecular basis using allergen sensitized Tas2r105-/- or alpha-gustducin-/- mice. To translate our findings in mice to human, we will uncover the mechanisms of bitter tastant-induced bronchodilation using human lung specimens. This work should establish not only how bitter tastants cause bronchodilation in mouse and human, but also their usefulness in treating airway diseases in mouse models of chronic asthma. Such advances will deepen our understanding of ASM biology and facilitate the development of bitter tastants as new bronchodilators.

Public Health Relevance

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease (COPD) affect millions of Americans;their attacks cause narrowing of the airways and difficulty breathing. Bitter tastants have been shown, in limited experiments, to relax airways better than current inhalers. This project studies the fundamental mechanisms by which this happens and will provide knowledge that can facilitate the development of bitter tastants as novel therapeutic treatments for asthma and COPD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01HL117104-01A1
Application #
8578052
Study Section
Neurotransporters, Receptors, and Calcium Signaling Study Section (NTRC)
Program Officer
Banks-Schlegel, Susan P
Project Start
2013-08-01
Project End
2017-04-30
Budget Start
2013-08-01
Budget End
2014-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$396,270
Indirect Cost
$158,270
Name
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603847393
City
Worcester
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
01655
Lu, Ping; Zhang, Cheng-Hai; Lifshitz, Lawrence M et al. (2017) Extraoral bitter taste receptors in health and disease. J Gen Physiol 149:181-197
Zheng, Kaizhi; Lu, Ping; Delpapa, Ellen et al. (2017) Bitter taste receptors as targets for tocolytics in preterm labor therapy. FASEB J 31:4037-4052
Keeler, Allison M; Liu, Donghai; Zieger, Marina et al. (2017) Airway smooth muscle dysfunction in Pompe (Gaa-/- ) mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 312:L873-L881
Zhang, Cheng-Hai; Wang, Pei; Liu, Dong-Hai et al. (2016) The molecular basis of the genesis of basal tone in internal anal sphincter. Nat Commun 7:11358
Wu, Lichang; Sun, Yu; Ma, Liqiao et al. (2016) A C-terminally truncated mouse Best3 splice variant targets and alters the ion balance in lysosome-endosome hybrids and the endoplasmic reticulum. Sci Rep 6:27332
Lefkowitz, Jason J; DeCrescenzo, Valerie; Duan, Kailai et al. (2014) Catecholamine exocytosis during low frequency stimulation in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells is primarily asynchronous and controlled by the novel mechanism of Ca2+ syntilla suppression. J Physiol 592:4639-55