An important function of the brain is to scan incoming sensory information for the presence of biologically relevant features and process and act on this information. For humans, the most salient signals of emotion are often social in nature, such as expressions of fear or anger. The goal of the current competing renewal is to study the nature and neural architecture of emotion processing across the first three years of life. Five-, seven-, and twelve-month-old infants, as well as three-year-old typically developing children will serve as participants across 5 specific aims.
Aim 1 seeks to examine the neural and cardiac correlates of the infant's ability to process emotion in both faces and non-face stimuli.
Aim 2 examines a similar question, except that autonomic activity (skin conductance and pupil diameter) will be recorded in conjunction with functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Aim 3 seeks to elucidate the neural networks involved in emotion processing, and will do so by using state-of-the-art signal processing software to extract theta activity from the ongoing EEG.
Aim 4 will focus on individual differences in emotion processing viewed through the lens of genetics; specifically, all infants serving as participants in Aims 1 and 2 will be genotyped, with most attention focused on 5 SNPs, with an additional 5 SNPs serving as a secondary aim. All SNPS have been shown to be relevant to emotion processing in both humans and non-human species. Finally, in Aim 5 we examine whether early biases in emotion processing (i.e., whether infants show greater visual or neural activity to one emotion vs. another; e.g., fear) predict (or are associated with) behavioral inhibition and anxiety. Although the current project focuses on typically developing children, this work has enormous implications for children and adults who suffer from deficits in social-emotional communication. First, this work seeks to explicate the ontogeny of facial emotion processing; an ability that likely provides a foundation upon which higher-level social communication builds. As a result, it may well be the case that errors in this ability that occur early in development can develop into more insidious deficits that occur later i development. Second, the approach adopted in this project is highly innovative, and can easily be extended to various clinical populations, such as toddlers with autism or children diagnosed with depression or bipolar illness.

Public Health Relevance

Prior to the onset of language, infants and adults primarily communicate through non-verbal channels. Of particular importance is the infant's ability to decode facial expressions of emotion, an ability that is often compromised in children with autism or who has been maltreated and in adults with schizophrenia and bipolar illness. The goal of the current proposal is to examine the development and neural bases of emotion perception and recognition.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
4R01MH078829-19
Application #
9033949
Study Section
Cognition and Perception Study Section (CP)
Program Officer
Simmons, Janine M
Project Start
1995-05-01
Project End
2017-02-28
Budget Start
2016-04-12
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
19
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Children's Hospital Boston
Department
Type
DUNS #
076593722
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Xie, Wanze; McCormick, Sarah A; Westerlund, Alissa et al. (2018) Neural correlates of facial emotion processing in infancy. Dev Sci :e12758
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Ravicz, Miranda M; Perdue, Katherine L; Westerlund, Alissa et al. (2015) Infants' neural responses to facial emotion in the prefrontal cortex are correlated with temperament: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Psychol 6:922
Righi, Giulia; Westerlund, Alissa; Congdon, Eliza L et al. (2014) Infants' experience-dependent processing of male and female faces: insights from eye tracking and event-related potentials. Dev Cogn Neurosci 8:144-52
Vanderwert, Ross E; Nelson, Charles A (2014) The use of near-infrared spectroscopy in the study of typical and atypical development. Neuroimage 85 Pt 1:264-71
Perdue, Katherine L; Westerlund, Alissa; McCormick, Sarah A et al. (2014) Extraction of heart rate from functional near-infrared spectroscopy in infants. J Biomed Opt 19:067010

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