The overall goal of this research is to identify efficacious strategies for treating tobacco dependence among adult smokers hospitalized with severe mental illness. Nicotine dependence is the most prevalent substance abuse disorder among psychiatric patients, a group that accounts for a staggering 44% to 46% of the US tobacco market16, 17. In terms of dollars spent, this equates to $39 billion in annual tobacco sales18. While numerous trials have established the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized medical patients, little research has targeted the acute psychiatric inpatient setting19. The American Psychiatric Association's tobacco treatment guidelines identify psychiatric hospitalization as an ideal opportunity for promoting smoking cessation1. Individuals with mental illness have lower quit rates and may be less motivated and prepared to quit in the near future than the general population20-22. Thus, sufficiently intense, multi- component interventions are needed that address both the physiological and behavioral aspects of nicotine dependence and assist smokers at all stages of readiness through the quitting process23. Using a three group additive design, the proposed randomized clinical trial (N=1100) aims to evaluate tobacco cessation treatments of varying intensities initiated in the acute psychiatric inpatient setting. The proposal builds upon Dr. Prochaska's K23 mentored career development award and seeks to determine: (i) whether the initial successes seen in an academic-based psychiatric hospital can be replicated in a larger and more diverse patient population recruited from a community hospital;and (ii) if more extended and intensive clinician-delivered treatment can outperform our current best practices. The three groups are: (1) Usual Care (N=150) consisting of brief cessation advice, a quit smoking guide, and nicotine replacement provided during hospitalization; (2) Brief Treatment (N=475) adds a stage-based manual, computer-delivered stage-tailored individualized feedback and brief cessation counseling sessions during hospitalization and repeated at months 3 and 6, and access to 12 weeks of nicotine replacement following hospitalization; (3) Extended Treatment (N=475) builds upon our current brief treatment and provides 12 additional weeks of nicotine replacement (24 weeks total) with individualized, counselor-delivered motivational and manualized cognitive behavioral cessation treatment. We hypothesize that the extended treatment will outperform the brief treatment, and that both treatment groups will be more effective than usual care in producing quit attempts and ultimately abstinence from cigarettes. Secondary aims will model the cost-effectiveness of the treatment conditions;examine moderators and mediators of treatment outcomes;and prospectively examine the relation between changes in smoking, mental health functioning, and use of other substances over time.

Public Health Relevance

Individuals with mental illness in the US are dying, on average, 25 years prematurely, with tobacco-related illnesses of cardiovascular and lung disease and cancer identified as chief causes24. Despite the high prevalence of smoking, low rates of quitting, and devastating health effects, clinical treatment research with smokers with mental illness remains limited. This study aims to evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, tobacco treatments of varying intensities for smokers hospitalized on acute psychiatric inpatient units in a community hospital.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH083684-06
Application #
8425043
Study Section
Interventions Committee for Disorders Related to Schizophrenia, Late Life, or Personality (ITSP)
Program Officer
Muehrer, Peter R
Project Start
2009-07-01
Project End
2014-01-31
Budget Start
2013-02-01
Budget End
2014-01-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$357,800
Indirect Cost
$92,923
Name
Stanford University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Das, Smita; Hickman, Norval J; Prochaska, Judith J (2017) Treating Smoking in Adults With Co-occurring Acute Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders. J Addict Med 11:273-279
Soyster, Peter; Anzai, Nicole E; Fromont, Sebastien C et al. (2016) Correlates of nicotine withdrawal severity in smokers during a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization. Prev Med 92:176-182
Schuck, Rachel K; Dahl, Audun; Hall, Sharon M et al. (2016) Smokers with serious mental illness and requests for nicotine replacement therapy post-hospitalisation. Tob Control 25:27-32
Young-Wolff, Kelly C; Karan, Lori D; Prochaska, Judith J (2015) Electronic cigarettes in jails: a panacea or public health problem? JAMA Psychiatry 72:103-4
Ramo, Danielle E; Thrul, Johannes; Chavez, Kathryn et al. (2015) Feasibility and Quit Rates of the Tobacco Status Project: A Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention for Young Adults. J Med Internet Res 17:e291
Ramo, Danielle E; Liu, Howard; Prochaska, Judith J (2015) A mixed-methods study of young adults' receptivity to using Facebook for smoking cessation: if you build it, will they come? Am J Health Promot 29:e126-35
Sanders-Jackson, Ashley; Brown, Cati G; Prochaska, Judith J (2015) Applying linguistic methods to understanding smoking-related conversations on Twitter. Tob Control 24:136-8
Anzai, Nicole; Young-Wolff, Kelly C; Prochaska, Judith J (2015) Symptom severity and readiness to quit among hospitalized smokers with mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 66:443-4
Pechmann, Cornelia; Pan, Li; Delucchi, Kevin et al. (2015) Development of a Twitter-based intervention for smoking cessation that encourages high-quality social media interactions via automessages. J Med Internet Res 17:e50
Prochaska, Judith J; Grossman, William; Young-Wolff, Kelly C et al. (2015) Validity of self-reported adult secondhand smoke exposure. Tob Control 24:48-53

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