Development in all living organisms is controlled by the precise arrangement of molecular cues. For proper development, these cues must be present at specific concentrations and in defined locations. Traditional biological approaches to studying development make use of knockout animals, which harbor single or multiple gene deletions;however, these gene deletions can simultaneously affect numerous developmental events. We seek to develop novel chemical tools to examine specific developmental events. This will be accomplished through the advancement of new surface chemistry, capable of interweaving multiple molecules with defined concentration gradients on a single substrate. Here, we describe the application of this chemistry to problems in neuronal wiring, however it is broadly applicable to many problems in biology and materials. Moreover, the complex developmental models described may serve as novel starting points for in vitro drug discovery. The proposed program of study will provide a new tool kit for examining a wide array of biological problems that are not accessible using classical biological techniques. In the project description, we describe both the development of this tool kit and its application to problems in neuronal wiring. We seek to unravel fundamental mysteries in development by recreating complex developmental patterns in vitro. As an initial system, we have chosen to examine midline crossing of zebrafish (Danio rerio) optical neurons. This problem is an attractive starting point, since it has been extensively studied using classical methods. While classical analysis has not unambiguously elucidated this wiring pathway, these studies provide a clear starting point for our models. Long-term, the complex developmental maps produced using these techniques have the potential to provide intricate in vitro models for developmental defects, tissue damage, and drug discovery.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed program of study will develop new methods for understanding how neuronal connections are formed in the brain. This methodology will lead to a better understanding of developmental neuronal disorders in humans. Additionally, the complex models developed for this project are a potential basis for drug discovery.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH085495-04
Application #
8079695
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1-SRB-P (44))
Program Officer
Freund, Michelle
Project Start
2008-09-01
Project End
2013-05-31
Budget Start
2011-06-01
Budget End
2013-05-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$300,960
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
068552207
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Hynes, Matthew J; Maurer, Joshua A (2013) Lighting the path: photopatternable substrates for biological applications. Mol Biosyst 9:559-64
Hynes, Matthew J; Maurer, Joshua A (2012) Photoinduced monolayer patterning for the creation of complex protein patterns. Langmuir 28:16237-42
Strulson, Matthew K; Maurer, Joshua A (2012) Mechanistic insight into patterned supported lipid bilayer self-assembly. Langmuir 28:13652-9
Strulson, Matthew K; Johnson, Dawn M; Maurer, Joshua A (2012) Increased stability of glycol-terminated self-assembled monolayers for long-term patterned cell culture. Langmuir 28:4318-24
Johnson, Dawn M; Abi-Mansour, Jad P; Maurer, Joshua A (2012) Spatial confinement instigates environmental determination of neuronal polarity. Integr Biol (Camb) 4:1034-7
Hynes, Matthew J; Maurer, Joshua A (2012) Unmasking photolithography: a versatile way to site-selectively pattern gold substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 51:2151-4
Johnson, Dawn M; LaFranzo, Natalie A; Maurer, Joshua A (2011) Creating two-dimensional patterned substrates for protein and cell confinement. J Vis Exp :e3164
Strulson, Matthew K; Maurer, Joshua A (2011) Microcontact printing for creation of patterned lipid bilayers on tetraethylene glycol self-assembled monolayers. Langmuir 27:12052-7
Johnson, Dawn M; Maurer, Joshua A (2011) Recycling and reusing patterned self-assembled monolayers for cell culture. Chem Commun (Camb) 47:520-2