Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious and chronic mental illness that is associated with substantial impairment in quality of life and functional outcomes, high rates of suicide, and high financial costs. In spite of a proliferation of treatments for BD, nearly half of individuals with BD do not benefit from pharmacotherapy because of sub-optimal medication treatment adherence. Non-adherence with BD medication treatment dramatically worsens outcomes. Reasons for non-adherence among individuals with BD are multi-dimensional, and it has been suggested that adherence enhancement might work best if the intervention specifically addresses factors that are important and modifiable for a specific individual. In spite of the enormity of the problem, the literature on interventions to improve treatment adherence is surprisingly limited. There is an urgent need for interventions to enhance treatment adherence among BD patients that: 1) are at high risk for future treatment non-adherence;2) may not have access to or interest in long-term, high-intensity, and specialized care;and 3) are flexible and patient-focused taking into account reasons for non-adherence for a specific individual. The proposed study builds upon the investigator's extensive body of work in BD treatment adherence, and development of a customized adherence enhancement (CAE) psychosocial approach that is brief, efficient, and practical. The investigators have manualized the CAE intervention for intended use by staff that might typically be present in public-sector mental health settings. Pilot work by these investigators suggests that CAE can improve medication treatment adherence, reduce BD symptoms and improve functional status in poorly adherent BD patients. These preliminary findings have set the stage for the next appropriate step, which is testing of the CAE intervention compared to broadly-directed, non-individualized education (EDU) in a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The proposed study is a first-ever RCT focused specifically on BD treatment adherence enhancement, and will test whether CAE improves adherence and mental health outcomes compared to EDU. A unique feature of the proposed study is a supplemental and complementary qualitative evaluation that will inform future intervention refinements. Taken together, the proposed project has the potential to greatly advance the care of BD patients who are at greatest risk for poor health outcomes, with findings expected to be generalizable across a variety of treatment settings.

Public Health Relevance

The proposal will test a brief, tailored intervention intended to improve medication treatment adherence in high-risk patients with bipolar disorder. Given the enormous personal and societal burden of non-adherence on patients and families, the proposal has substantial public health implications.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH093321-03
Application #
8607211
Study Section
Mental Health Services in MH Specialty Settings (SRSP)
Program Officer
Azrin, Susan
Project Start
2012-03-19
Project End
2017-02-28
Budget Start
2014-03-01
Budget End
2015-02-28
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$519,450
Indirect Cost
$188,590
Name
Case Western Reserve University
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
077758407
City
Cleveland
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
44106
Sajatovic, Martha; Tatsuoka, Curtis; Cassidy, Kristin A et al. (2018) A 6-Month, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Customized Adherence Enhancement Versus Bipolar-Specific Educational Control in Poorly Adherent Individuals With Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 79:
Aftab, Awais; Levin, Jennifer; Aebi, Michelle et al. (2018) Associations of Comorbid Anxiety With Medication Adherence and Psychiatric Symptomatology in a Population of Nonadherent Bipolar Disorder Subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis 206:258-262
Levin, Jennifer B; Krivenko, Anna; Bukach, Ashley et al. (2017) A Reexamination of Nonpsychiatric Medication Adherence in Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Medical Comorbidities. J Nerv Ment Dis 205:182-187
Howland, Molly; Levin, Jennifer; Blixen, Carol et al. (2016) Mixed-methods analysis of internalized stigma correlates in poorly adherent individuals with bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 70:174-80
Levin, Jennifer B; Aebi, Michelle E; Tatsuoka, Curtis et al. (2016) Adherence to Psychotropic and Nonpsychotropic Medication Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder and General Medical Conditions. Psychiatr Serv 67:342-5
Blixen, Carol; Perzynski, Adam T; Bukach, Ashley et al. (2016) Patients' perceptions of barriers to self-managing bipolar disorder: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry 62:635-644
Blixen, Carol; Levin, Jennifer B; Cassidy, Kristin A et al. (2016) Coping strategies used by poorly adherent patients for self-managing bipolar disorder. Patient Prefer Adherence 10:1327-35
Levin, Jennifer B; Sams, Johnny; Tatsuoka, Curtis et al. (2015) Use of automated medication adherence monitoring in bipolar disorder research: pitfalls, pragmatics, and possibilities. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 5:76-87
Sajatovic, Martha; Levin, Jennifer B; Sams, Johnny et al. (2015) Symptom severity, self-reported adherence, and electronic pill monitoring in poorly adherent patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 17:653-61