The NIMH MATRICS and CNTRICS initiatives have clarified the domains of cognitive functioning that are most relevant to treatment development targeting improved cognition and functioning in people with schizophrenia. These projects also identified specific tasks that are psychometrically sound and well validated in patient populations, and that, in the case of CNTRICS, have well understood neurophysiology. More recently, interest has increased in identifying tasks that meet these criteria and that are sensitive to treatment effects. Identification of such tasks is important for grounding our understanding of illness progression and recovery processes within a cognitive neuroscience framework. This information would also allow for cognitive neuroscience-based indicators of treatment responsiveness, and therefore for more targeted drug development efforts and early prediction of medication response. Promising candidates for this type of task are measures of perceptual organization. Selected tests of perceptual organization meet the criteria of psychometric soundness (including avoidance of generalized deficit confounds), validation in patient studies, and known neurophysiology, although evidence regarding treatment effects at this point comes from very limited data. We now propose to conduct the first study in which schizophrenia patients are followed-up from the acute to stabilization to stable phases of illness, to determine whether perceptual organization dysfunction normalizes over the course of recovery. We will also determine if perceptual organization indices are most relevant for an illness subtype characterized by poor premorbid functioning, poor prognosis, and disorganized symptoms - relationships suggested by past studies. In addition, we will examine the course of perceptual organization in a first-episode population, which has not been previously described. Some evidence suggests that perceptual organization is normal or exaggerated at first episode. We will clarify whether the impairment is present at first episode or whether it develops within 15 months after initial hospitalization. For patients who begin to demonstrate impairment during the follow-up period, we will determine with what clinical and functioning changes the emerging abnormality is associated. We will explore these issues using a follow-up design in which we will enroll first-episode and later-episode schizophrenia patients (and a healthy control group), test them at hospital admission and discharge, and then again every 3 months, over a 15-month period. We will also examine covariation between changes in perceptual organization and changes in symptoms and level of functioning. The proposed project is consistent with two objectives from the NIMH Strategic Plan: 1) Strategy 1.3: Identify and integrate biological markers (biomarkers) and behavioral indicators associated with mental disorders;and 2) Strategy 2.1: Define the developmental trajectories of mental disorders. This study will determine the extent to which performance-based indices from promising perceptual organization tasks serve as biomarkers of illness processes for schizophrenia in general, or for a severely disabled illness subtype.

Public Health Relevance

This project has high relevance for public health by identifying a biomarker of treatment responsiveness in a subtype of schizophrenia patient that is characterized by disorganized symptoms and poor prognosis. Examination of perceptual functioning longitudinally in first-episode patients will also allow for improved understanding of which patients decline in functioning over the first 1.25 years after initial hospitalization, and the associated cognitive mechanisms and markers of this decline. Identification of such markers may allow for identification of first episode patients who need more comprehensive and aggressive treatment to promote recovery. For first episode and older patients, identification of a biomarker of treatment responsiveness (or lack thereof) can aid new drug development efforts by helping to define, and improving our understanding of, a specific type of patient at high-risk for poor outcomes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH093439-05
Application #
8644920
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BBBP-L (05))
Program Officer
Rumsey, Judith M
Project Start
2011-06-20
Project End
2016-03-31
Budget Start
2014-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$429,900
Indirect Cost
$154,323
Name
Rutgers University
Department
Type
DUNS #
078816195
City
New Brunswick
State
NJ
Country
United States
Zip Code
08901
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Keane, Brian P; Silverstein, Steven M; Wang, Yushi et al. (2016) Seeing more clearly through psychosis: Depth inversion illusions are normal in bipolar disorder but reduced in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 176:485-492
Farkas, Attila; Papathomas, Thomas V; Silverstein, Steven M et al. (2016) Dynamic 3-D computer graphics for designing a diagnostic tool for patients with schizophrenia. Vis Comput 32:1499-1506
Gupta, Tina; Silverstein, Steven M; Bernard, Jessica A et al. (2016) Disruptions in neural connectivity associated with reduced susceptibility to a depth inversion illusion in youth at ultra high risk for psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 12:681-690
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Joseph, Jamie; Gara, Michael A; Silverstein, Steven M (2015) Hierarchical Classes Analysis (HICLAS): A novel data reduction method to examine associations between biallelic SNPs and perceptual organization phenotypes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2:56-63
Mittal, Vijay A; Gupta, Tina; Keane, Brian P et al. (2015) Visual context processing dysfunctions in youth at high risk for psychosis: Resistance to the Ebbinghaus illusion and its symptom and social and role functioning correlates. J Abnorm Psychol 124:953-60
Silverstein, Steven M; Elliott, Corinna M; Feusner, Jamie D et al. (2015) Comparison of visual perceptual organization in schizophrenia and body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatry Res 229:426-33
Silverstein, Steven M; Thompson, Judy L (2015) A vision science perspective on schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2:39-41
Feigenson, Keith A; Gara, Michael A; Roché, Matthew W et al. (2014) Is disorganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: evidence of covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample. Psychiatry Res 217:1-8

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