The human brain undergoes a dynamic phase of development with rapid structural and functional growth in the first year of life. Insight into thi critical period of development is of paramount importance for understanding the neurodevelopmental origins of psychiatric illness, since brain alterations that are associated with psychosis and other major psychiatric illnesses often occur early during fetal or neonatal life. The recent availability of infant neuroimaging data is making increasingly feasible the precise characterization of development patterns in this period of time. However, computational tools that are dedicated to this purpose are still rare due to the following challenges: (1) Infant scans suffer from significantly lower spatial resolution due to the smaller brain size; (2) Limited by scn time, the achievable signal-to-noise ratio for diffusion-weighted images is typically low; (3) The rapid myelination process results in significant variation of image contrast across different brain regions, which can easily confuse existing computational methods; (4) Techniques developed for adult brain analysis are not directly transferable to infants. This project shoulders the challenging task of overcoming important technological hurdles in creating high- precision computational tools that will automate the quantification of brain development in the first year of life.
In Aim 1, we will create a 4D multimodality-guided, level-set-based framework for simultaneous segmentation and registration of serial brain scans acquired from birth to one year of age. This will allow low-contrast images (e.g., the isointense 3- and 6-month scans) to be segmented more effectively by borrowing multimodality information from early time-point (2-week) and/or later time-point (1-year) scans.
In Aim 2, we will create a 4D cortical surface reconstruction method for consistent surface reconstruction across different time points. This will help alleviate the imprecision stemming from structural ambiguities in the surface reconstruction process due to low image contrast.
In Aim 3, we will create a clustering-based hierarchically organized registration framework that will harness the manifold of anatomical variation of the image population for effective registration of infant brains. This will aid effectve registration of images with large structural differences to a common space for population-based early brain development studies.
In Aim 4, we will create super-resolution atlases for infant brains at each time point by using a novel patch-based sparse representation technique. These atlases, when used as templates for brain registration, will lead to significant performance improvement due to their significantly improved structural clarity. All created tools and super-resolution atlases will be integrated into a dedicated infant-brain-analysis software package and made freely available to the research community.

Public Health Relevance

The computational tools created in this project are directly relevant to public health since they will lead to greater understanding of brain development and to greater capability in identifying neurodevelopmental origins of psychiatric illness. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project aims at addressing a challenging problem of how to accurately segment serial infant brain images acquired in the first year of life (such as at an approximate interval of 3 months from birth to 1- year-old) and further quantify their longitudinal changes for early brain development study. The successful development of the proposed infant-brain-analysis tools will help understand early brain development and the future studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in the first years of life, and will also help fill up the knowledge gap of early brain development in this period. The final developed infant-brain-analysis algorithms will be made freely available to the research community via NITRC (Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearing house).

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01MH100217-03S1
Application #
9075316
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1 (80))
Program Officer
Freund, Michelle
Project Start
2013-08-26
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2015-08-20
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$175,250
Indirect Cost
$59,954
Name
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
608195277
City
Chapel Hill
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27599
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