Genetic factors appear to play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, a devastating mental illness that affects up to 1% of the worldwide population. Recent evidence suggests disruption of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the brain as a strong candidate underlying mechanism. Our long-term goal is therefore to understand the role of inhibitory dysfunction in the pathophysiology of this psychiatric disease. Identifying the mechanisms by which inhibitory dysregulation during development leads to perturbation of cortical function will give insight into the neurodevelopmental cellular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and may provide new cellular targets for therapeutic strategies. Human screening studies have identified Neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1), an extracellular signaling factor, and its membrane-bound receptor ERBB4 (ErbB4), as strong candidate genes for schizophrenia. Most evidence indicates that ErbB4 protein is expressed predominantly in GABAergic cells throughout the brain. Global disruptions of ErbB4 result in decreased GABA release in the cerebral cortex, and mice lacking Nrg-1 or ErbB4 exhibit key behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia. The ErbB4 model of schizophrenia is thus an ideal system in which to examine the cell type-specific role of inhibitory interneuron dysregulation in cortical network perturbation in this complex disorder. A major issue in using genetic mouse models to study psychiatric disease has been that many studies focus on single cells or synapses in vitro. In contrast, the cognitive and perceptual processes disrupted in schizophrenia rely on large-scale neural network interactions in the intact brain. We will therefore examine neural function in vivo in primary visual cortex circuits in the ErbB4 deletion model of schizophrenia. Synaptic and circuit function in the healthy visual cortex and the contribution of these circuits to visual processing are well characterized, providing a critical framework in which to interpret disease-related alterations in cellular and network function. Furthermore, schizophrenic patients exhibit specific deficits in basic visual processing and perception that rely on primary visual cortex function. We will use a combination of intra- and extracellular recordings and cell type-specific optogenetic manipulations to test the impact of ErbB4 deletion on the function of inhibitory interneurons in cortical networks in vivo in awake behaving animals. Using measurements of key aspects of cortical circuit function at the synaptic and circuit levels, we will assess the rol of ErbB4 signaling in interactions between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. We will further use targeted genetic approaches to examine the developmental role of this signaling pathway in the survival and maturation of specific populations of GABAergic cells. These studies will reveal fundamental mechanisms underlying circuit dysfunction in this genetic model of schizophrenia and lead to a more complete understanding of the cell type-specific role of GABAergic dysfunction in psychiatric disease. Because the cellular and circuit interactions identified in thi work are core elements of neural function, our results will be applicable to systems throughout the brain.

Public Health Relevance

GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are a diverse group of brain cells critical for basic neural circuit function whose dysregulation is linked to several psychiatric diseases. This proposal will determine how dysfunction of the Nrg-1/ErbB4 signaling pathway, which is strongly associated with schizophrenia in human patients, in inhibitory interneurons alters the function of neural circuits in the cortex. Results from these studies will provide novel insight into fundamental cellular mechanisms of psychiatric disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH102365-04
Application #
9206190
Study Section
Pathophysiological Basis of Mental Disorders and Addictions Study Section (PMDA)
Program Officer
Asanuma, Chiiko
Project Start
2014-02-01
Project End
2019-01-31
Budget Start
2017-02-01
Budget End
2018-01-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$374,625
Indirect Cost
$149,625
Name
Yale University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
043207562
City
New Haven
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06520
Cardin, Jessica A (2018) Inhibitory Interneurons Regulate Temporal Precision and Correlations in Cortical Circuits. Trends Neurosci 41:689-700
Batista-Brito, Renata; Vinck, Martin; Ferguson, Katie A et al. (2017) Developmental Dysfunction of VIP Interneurons Impairs Cortical Circuits. Neuron 95:884-895.e9
Busse, Laura; Cardin, Jessica A; Chiappe, M Eugenia et al. (2017) Sensation during Active Behaviors. J Neurosci 37:10826-10834
Cardin, Jessica A (2016) Snapshots of the Brain in Action: Local Circuit Operations through the Lens of ? Oscillations. J Neurosci 36:10496-10504
Furman, Moran; Zhan, Qiong; McCafferty, Cian et al. (2015) Optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic brainstem neurons during focal limbic seizures: Effects on cortical physiology. Epilepsia 56:e198-202
Chuong, Amy S; Miri, Mitra L; Busskamp, Volker et al. (2014) Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin. Nat Neurosci 17:1123-9