We propose to use Drosophila as a model system for determining how neurotransmitter release at individual active zones is regulated. We will image synaptic vesicle fusion at single active zones to define how release probability, release mode (spontaneous versus evoked) and release plasticity is regulated at glutamatergic synapses. Neurotransmitters can be released through evoked fusion following an action potential, or by spontaneous fusion of vesicles (termed minis) in the absence of nerve stimulation. The two modes of vesicle release have been found at most synapses and are assumed to occur across the same population of active zones, though this has been difficult to define using classical approaches. A major technical limitation for the study of neurotransmitter release has been the inability to examine vesicle fusion at individual active zones. Electrophysiological studies of synaptic transmission measure the postsynaptic effect of neurotransmitter release over a large population of release sites, precluding an analysis of how individual active zones participate in and regulate synaptic vesicle fusion. We have developed transgenic tools that allow Ca2+ imaging of postsynaptic glutamate receptor activation following single vesicle fusion to spatially visualize all exocytotic events occurring through both spontaneous and evoked release pathways at Drosophila NMJs, allowing us to define general rules for vesicle fusion events at single active zones. Using these tools, we have begun to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of exocytotic events that occur spontaneously or in response to an action potential. We have also begun analyzing the relationship between these two modes of fusion at single release sites. Current data indicate a majority of active zones participate in both modes of fusion, although release probability is not correlated between the two modes of release and is highly variable across the population. Indeed, a subset of active zones is specifically dedicated to spontaneous release, indicating a population of postsynaptic receptors is uniquely activated by this mode of vesicle fusion. Using these new transgenic tools to visualize single active zone exocytosis, we will characterize how single release sites work, how they undergo plasticity, and how they contribute to both evoked and spontaneous fusion.

Public Health Relevance

This research will define basic mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter release at single active zones. Alterations in synaptic signaling have been linked to numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases of the human brain. By defining how neurons communicate at synapses, our research will provide a foundation for developing therapeutic approaches for brain diseases that alter synapse formation and function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH104536-03
Application #
9058608
Study Section
Synapses, Cytoskeleton and Trafficking Study Section (SYN)
Program Officer
Asanuma, Chiiko
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2016-03-01
Budget End
2017-02-28
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
001425594
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code