Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence Inadequate medication adherence (MA) contributes to increased morbidity, mortality, patient and provider frustration, and health care costs. Alarming persistent nonadherence is consistently documented in diverse samples. Scientific evidence about the efficacy of interventions is essential to develop MA interventions that improve health outcomes and reduce costs. Research testing many MA interventions has yielded results that are sometimes conflicting and often unclear. These primary studies have not been quantitatively synthesized, which seriously impedes progress in both practice and research. This project's purpose is to integrate scientific knowledge about interventions designed to increase MA. The project addresses these specific aims: """""""" Determine the strength of the research base about interventions to increase MA. """""""" Specify and quantify the effect of interventions on MA. """""""" Distinguish factors (e.g., intervention characteristics such as dose reduction or packaging, participant attributes such as diagnoses or ethnicity) that moderate the effect of interventions to increase MA. This research team has used the proposed methods in several syntheses, including a recent preliminary meta- analysis of MA interventions tested in randomized trials with older adults. An extensive and rigorous literature search will avoid the bias that typical limited searches can cause. Strategies include searches by computer and journal searches by hand, searches of ancestry lists and registries databases, reviews of graduate projects, examinations of conference/association abstracts, and contacts with senior authors on retrieved studies and principal investigators of NIH-funded studies. Independent data extractors will reliably code for intervention, methodological, and participant attributes. Analysis plans include: d-index to standardize the magnitude of effect, sample size weighted calculations, random-effects models, homogeneity (Q) assessment, publication bias analysis (I2), and to facilitate interpretation - Common Language Effect Size and conversion to original metric. Moderator analyses using meta-analysis analogues of regression and ANOVA will reveal which intervention characteristics (e.g., MA feedback, prompts) are associated with larger increases in MA. Minority and gender differences in intervention effectiveness will be examined as well. Provisional multivariate moderator analyses using meta-regression with selected subsets of moderators will be conducted. The major impact of the project will be derived from the moderator analyses which will determine which intervention characteristics are linked with the best MA outcomes. Findings will improve public health by synthesizing diverse results in order to aid the design of interventions that help people increase their MA and achieve therapeutic goals. Study findings will have a major immediate impact on science by identifying unanswered research questions as well as areas in which the science has been settled. This work's compelling importance and broad scope make funding necessary to achieve these important aims.

Public Health Relevance

This project will statistically summarize the effects of hundreds of previous studies testing interventions to improve medication adherence. The findings will clarify which interventions work best to improve medication adherence. The study will also determine if interventions work best for people with particular characteristics.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NR011990-01
Application #
7860126
Study Section
Nursing Science: Adults and Older Adults Study Section (NSAA)
Program Officer
Cotton, Paul
Project Start
2010-07-07
Project End
2013-10-31
Budget Start
2010-07-07
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$512,562
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Missouri-Columbia
Department
Type
Schools of Nursing
DUNS #
153890272
City
Columbia
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
65211
Ruppar, Todd M; Dunbar-Jacob, Jacqueline M; Mehr, David R et al. (2017) Medication adherence interventions among hypertensive black adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 35:1145-1154
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M (2017) Medication adherence outcomes of 771 intervention trials: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 99:269-276
Conn, Vicki S; Enriquez, Maithe; Ruppar, Todd M et al. (2016) Meta-analyses of Theory Use in Medication Adherence Intervention Research. Am J Health Behav 40:155-71
Chase, Jo-Ana D; Bogener, Jennifer L; Ruppar, Todd M et al. (2016) The Effectiveness of Medication Adherence Interventions Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs 31:357-66
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M; Enriquez, Maithe et al. (2016) Patient-Centered Outcomes of Medication Adherence Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Value Health 19:277-85
Enriquez, Maithe; Conn, Vicki S (2016) Peers as Facilitators of Medication Adherence Interventions: A Review. J Prim Care Community Health 7:44-55
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M; Chase, Jo-Ana D (2016) Blood pressure outcomes of medication adherence interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Med 39:1065-1075
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M; Enriquez, Maithe et al. (2016) Medication adherence interventions that target subjects with adherence problems: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Social Adm Pharm 12:218-46
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M; Chan, Keith C et al. (2015) Packaging interventions to increase medication adherence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 31:145-60
Conn, Vicki S; Ruppar, Todd M; Chase, Jo-Ana D et al. (2015) Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 17:94

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