This project will provide information about timing of RNA and protein syntheses necessary for the expression of specific neuronal phenotypes during development. We have described the sequence of appearance of some cellular properties of amphibian spinal neurons differentiating in vivo. The same developmental changes occur in embryonic spinal neurons dissociated and grown in culture. Specific metabolic inhibitors will be added to the culture media at later and later stages of development, and the time of application at which their continuous presence no longer blocks expression of electrical excitability, chemosensitivity and high affinity neurotransmitter uptake will be determined. Brief applications of reversible metabolic inhibitors will provide information about the existence of critical periods, during which expression of single phenotypes may be blocked. If such critical periods exist, it will be possible to examine the consequences of the absence of one phenotype on the expression of others.
| Dulcis, Davide; Lippi, Giordano; Stark, Christiana J et al. (2017) Neurotransmitter Switching Regulated by miRNAs Controls Changes in Social Preference. Neuron 95:1319-1333.e5 |
| Spitzer, Nicholas C (2015) Neurotransmitter Switching? No Surprise. Neuron 86:1131-44 |
| Guemez-Gamboa, Alicia; Xu, Lin; Meng, Da et al. (2014) Non-cell-autonomous mechanism of activity-dependent neurotransmitter switching. Neuron 82:1004-16 |
| Spitzer, Nicholas C; Borodinsky, Laura N; Root, Cory M (2013) Imaging and manipulating calcium transients in developing Xenopus spinal neurons. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2013:653-64 |
| Demarque, Michael; Spitzer, Nicholas C (2012) Neurotransmitter phenotype plasticity: an unexpected mechanism in the toolbox of network activity homeostasis. Dev Neurobiol 72:22-32 |
| Dulcis, Davide; Spitzer, Nicholas C (2012) Reserve pool neuron transmitter respecification: Novel neuroplasticity. Dev Neurobiol 72:465-74 |
| Spitzer, Nicholas C (2012) Activity-dependent neurotransmitter respecification. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:94-106 |
| Rosenberg, Sheila S; Spitzer, Nicholas C (2011) Calcium signaling in neuronal development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3:a004259 |
| Nicol, Xavier; Hong, Kwan Pyo; Spitzer, Nicholas C (2011) Spatial and temporal second messenger codes for growth cone turning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:13776-81 |
| Velazquez-Ulloa, Norma A; Spitzer, Nicholas C; Dulcis, Davide (2011) Contexts for dopamine specification by calcium spike activity in the CNS. J Neurosci 31:78-88 |
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