The overall goal of our program has been to improve the standard of care for brain tumor patients with a specific emphasis on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Towards this end, we initially developed oncolytic herpes simplex virus vectors (oHSV) to kill glioma cells, including the so-called glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), and revealed the synergistic importance of viral oncolysis combined with immune stimulation (in situ oncolytic tumor vaccination). We demonstrated the advantage of blocking tumor-induced immune suppression and inducing anti-tumor immune responses during the process of in situ oncolytic tumor vaccination. Our studies of immune mechanisms demonstrated synergy of an oncolytic virus expressing a cytokine (IL12) with immune checkpoint inhibitors that forms an exciting avenue of research exploration for our next grant cycle, as well as for improved future clinical trials. Therefore, in this next grant cycle, we have designed studies to answer several important unmet needs in the immunovirotherapy of GBM: 1, How can a virus be better designed to stimulate an immune response to the tumor; 2, How can an oncolytic virus be used to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression; and, 3, How can understanding tumor lymphocyte actions and macrophage reprogramming be utilized to improve therapeutic efficacy. We are taking advantage of this iterative process of oHSV development to continually improve outcomes. In the novel studies we have proposed, we are exploring the combined use of uniquely designed oHSV to overcome the current limitations of immune therapy by combined local intra-tumoral expression of co- stimulatory ligands in concert with cytokine stimulation of an in-situ oncolytic tumor vaccine response. This approach should eliminate distant tumor cells, while minimizing toxicity and be amenable to additional combinations. Our studies explore several hypotheses leading to improvement in vector design and efficacy. These studies will then be used to make novel oncolytic viruses incorporating the advantageous features learned from each of the aims in this grant proposal. We expect that this will lead to an improved immunovirotherapy approach to take into clinical trial for GBM. This strategy is not only novel and unique but we emphasize that it could save costs by shortening the length of treatment and also would apply to other tumors both in the brain and in the periphery.

Public Health Relevance

Impact Glioblastoma is a uniformly fatal tumor that has been refractory to all forms of therapy. In the studies we are proposing, we explore the combined use of uniquely designed oncolytic viruses to overcome the current limitations of immune therapy through local intra-tumoral expression of immune co-stimulatory molecules in concert with cytokine stimulation and modulation of the tumor microenvironment to produce an in-situ oncolytic tumor vaccine response to not only kill local tumor cells but also to eliminate distant invading tumor cells. We expect that this will lead to an improved immunovirotherapy approach to take into clinical trial for glioblastoma, which is not only novel and unique but would also apply to other tumors both in the brain and in the periphery.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS032677-26
Application #
9610731
Study Section
Clinical Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumors Study Section (CNBT)
Program Officer
Fountain, Jane W
Project Start
1994-05-01
Project End
2022-11-30
Budget Start
2018-12-01
Budget End
2019-11-30
Support Year
26
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02114
Saha, Dipongkor; Wakimoto, Hiroaki; Peters, Cole W et al. (2018) Combinatorial Effects of VEGFR Kinase Inhibitor Axitinib and Oncolytic Virotherapy in Mouse and Human Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cell Models. Clin Cancer Res 24:3409-3422
Saha, Dipongkor; Martuza, Robert L; Rabkin, Samuel D (2018) Oncolytic herpes simplex virus immunovirotherapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade to treat glioblastoma. Immunotherapy 10:779-786
Chongsathidkiet, Pakawat; Jackson, Christina; Koyama, Shohei et al. (2018) Sequestration of T cells in bone marrow in the setting of glioblastoma and other intracranial tumors. Nat Med 24:1459-1468
Saha, Dipongkor; Martuza, Robert L; Rabkin, Samuel D (2017) Macrophage Polarization Contributes to Glioblastoma Eradication by Combination Immunovirotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Cell 32:253-267.e5
Esaki, Shinichi; Nigim, Fares; Moon, Esther et al. (2017) Blockade of transforming growth factor-? signaling enhances oncolytic herpes simplex virus efficacy in patient-derived recurrent glioblastoma models. Int J Cancer 141:2348-2358
Nigim, Fares; Esaki, Shin-Ichi; Hood, Michael et al. (2016) A new patient-derived orthotopic malignant meningioma model treated with oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Neuro Oncol 18:1278-87
Esaki, Shinichi; Rabkin, Samuel D; Martuza, Robert L et al. (2016) Transient fasting enhances replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus in glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 6:300-11
Marciscano, Ariel E; Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat O; Niemierko, Andrzej et al. (2016) Benign meningiomas (WHO Grade I) with atypical histological features: correlation of histopathological features with clinical outcomes. J Neurosurg 124:106-14
Lu, Lei; Saha, Dipongkor; Martuza, Robert L et al. (2015) Single agent efficacy of the VEGFR kinase inhibitor axitinib in preclinical models of glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 121:91-100
Nigim, Fares; Cavanaugh, Jill; Patel, Anoop P et al. (2015) Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1? in a New Orthotopic Model of Glioblastoma Recapitulating the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 74:710-22

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