We have established a physiologically relevant mechanism of CD4+ T cell-mediated neuroprotection involving axotomized wildtype (WT) mouse facial motoneurons (FMN) that may have significance in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal motoneuron disease. Superimposition of facial nerve axotomy (FNA) on the transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1G93A) during pre-symptomatic stages indicates that SOD1 mice behave like immunodeficient (ID) mice in terms of increased FMN loss and decreased functional recovery, through a mechanism that, paradoxically, is not inherent within the motoneuron itself, but, instead, involves a defect in peripheral immune: CNS glial cell interactions. The long-term goal of this project is to utilize our WT mouse model of immune-mediated neuroprotection after FNA as a template to elucidate how a malfunctioning peripheral immune system contributes to motoneuron cell loss in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS. Our central hypothesis is that CD4+ effector T cells provide neuroprotection to motoneurons through regulation of the central microglial and astrocytic response to peripheral nerve damage. There are 4 specific aims designed to: 1) elucidate the functional role of IL-10 in the WT facial nucleus following FNA, 2) determine if CD4+ T cells rescue FMN from FNA-induced cell death in RAG-2 KO mice through activation of the IL-10 cascade within the facial nucleus, 3) determine the mechanism that prevents CD4+T cell-mediated neuroprotection following FNA in the pre-symptomatic SOD1 mouse, and 4) test the ability of in vitro-generated, neuroprotective SOD1 CD4+ T cells to alter disease onset and/or progression in SOD1 mice. IL-10 reporter and conditional IL-10 knockout mice, along with adoptive transfer experiments with WT, ID and SOD1 mice, and laser capture microdissection will be used. Based on new data generated for this revision suggesting that SOD1 T cells are normal, but antigen-presenting cells (APC) are defective, SOD1 T cells and APC will be examined phenotypically and functionally both in vitro using relevant and irrelevant antigens and in vivo using adoptive transfer. Finally, adoptive immunotherapy with either neuroprotective FNA-specific T cells or APC into SOD1 mice will be done prior to disease onset, and the effects on disease onset, progression, and lifespan assessed. With respect to expected outcomes, the work is expected to identify key mechanistic elements in CD4+ T-mediated neuroprotection following FNA, reveal peripheral immune system defects following FNA in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS that prevent effective CD4+ T cell activation/differentiation and determine the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy with neuroprotective SOD1 T cells generated in vitro by FNA antigens. ALS strikes 30,000 Americans each year (15 cases a day), often at peak productive points in their lives and with enormous cost to affected individuals, their families, and the health care system. Identification of defects in neural:immune interactions will have an important positive impact because they can then be the target of therapeutic intervention in ALS treatment.

Public Health Relevance

This project focuses on interactions between the nervous and immune systems that occur normally, and/or in response to trauma or diseases involving the brain and spinal cord. If not regulated correctly, innate immunity and T cell interactions in the brain can be destructive and contribute significantly to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehring's disease. Given that ALS strikes many Americans during the prime of their lives, and is usually fatal within 3-5 years of diagnosis, understanding defects in the immune system of ALS patients is very important and may provide targets for development of therapeutics in the treatment of ALS and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS040433-12
Application #
8605236
Study Section
Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms and Sleep Study Section (NNRS)
Program Officer
Gubitz, Amelie
Project Start
2001-04-01
Project End
2017-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-01
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$460,529
Indirect Cost
$124,150
Name
Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
603007902
City
Indianapolis
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46202
Setter, D O; Runge, E M; Schartz, N D et al. (2018) Impact of peripheral immune status on central molecular responses to facial nerve axotomy. Brain Behav Immun 68:98-110
Iyer, Abhirami K; Jones, Kathryn J; Sanders, Virginia M et al. (2018) Temporospatial Analysis and New Players in the Immunology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 19:
Haulcomb, Melissa M; Meadows, Rena M; Miller, Whitney M et al. (2017) Locomotor analysis identifies early compensatory changes during disease progression and subgroup classification in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 12:1664-1679
Ni, Allen; Yang, Tao; Mesnard-Hoaglin, Nichole A et al. (2016) Th17 Cell Response in SOD1G93A Mice following Motor Nerve Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2016:6131234
Jones, Kathryn J; Lovett-Racke, Amy E; Walker, Chandler L et al. (2015) CD4?+?T Cells and Neuroprotection: Relevance to Motoneuron Injury and Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 10:587-94
Haulcomb, Melissa M; Mesnard-Hoaglin, Nichole A; Batka, Richard J et al. (2015) Identification of B6SJL mSOD1(G93A) mouse subgroups with different disease progression rates. J Comp Neurol 523:2752-68
Olmstead, Deborah N; Mesnard-Hoaglin, Nichole A; Batka, Richard J et al. (2015) Facial nerve axotomy in mice: a model to study motoneuron response to injury. J Vis Exp :e52382
Batka, Richard J; Brown, Todd J; Mcmillan, Kathryn P et al. (2014) The need for speed in rodent locomotion analyses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 297:1839-64
Mesnard-Hoaglin, Nichole A; Xin, Junping; Haulcomb, Melissa M et al. (2014) SOD1(G93A) transgenic mouse CD4(+) T cells mediate neuroprotection after facial nerve axotomy when removed from a suppressive peripheral microenvironment. Brain Behav Immun 40:55-60
Haulcomb, Melissa M; Mesnard, Nichole A; Batka, Richard J et al. (2014) Axotomy-induced target disconnection promotes an additional death mechanism involved in motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic mice. J Comp Neurol 522:2349-76

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