The motor cortex (MC) functions as a major node in the cortical sensorimotor network. The specific circuits and synaptic mechanisms carrying long-range excitatory projections from sensory/association areas to key cell classes in MC such as corticospinal neurons have not yet been identified. Research on cortical sensory processing has previously established the concept of multiple pathways carrying spatial and non-spatial information from primary sensory to higher-order parietal areas, but how these excitatory projections from these areas converge on the cortical motor system remains poorly understood. Here we propose an experimental program designed to elucidate the cell-type specific connectivity underlying long-range corticocortical projections from higher-order sensory/association areas in parietal cortex to identified classes of MC neurons, focusing on corticospinal neurons. We will approach this overall goal using the mouse as our experimental model, retrograde and optogenetic labeling, and targeted opto-physiological recordings of functional synaptic connectivity in select pathways.
Our aims are: (1) Determine the synaptic organization of retrosplenial cortex (RSC) projections to MC. (2) Define the input-output organization of RSC as a visuo-motor relay to MC. (3) Determine the synaptic organization of S2 inputs to MC. (4) Define the input-output organization of S2 corticospinal neurons. The proposed research program is highly innovative, we believe, because it brings together powerful new techniques to tackle an important, but experimentally previously inaccessible, issue in the field of sensorimotor research: the specific cellular mechanisms mediating corticocortical communication from higher-order sensory/association areas to motor cortical networks. The proposed research is significant because it will generate foundational knowledge about the macro- and microcircuit basis for feedforward corticocortical excitation of specific classes of MC neurons by higher-order sensory/association areas involved in sensorimotor integration.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research on motor cortex (MC) circuits is directly relevant to public health because pathology in these circuits severely impairs the control of voluntary movements, causing paralysis and other movement disorders. Here we propose a systematic, quantitative experimental approach to elucidate basic mechanisms and pathways in mammalian MC at the cellular level. This research is relevant to those aspects of the NIH mission aimed at improving health through understanding pathophysiological mechanisms in disorders causing disability, and to the NINDS mission to 'unravel the complexities of information transfer within the brain' and 'gain a greater understanding of brain mechanisms underlying higher mental functions and complex behaviors'.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS061963-10
Application #
9319326
Study Section
Sensorimotor Integration Study Section (SMI)
Program Officer
Chen, Daofen
Project Start
2008-08-01
Project End
2018-07-31
Budget Start
2017-08-01
Budget End
2018-07-31
Support Year
10
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Northwestern University at Chicago
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
005436803
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Guo, KuangHua; Yamawaki, Naoki; Svoboda, Karel et al. (2018) Anterolateral Motor Cortex Connects with a Medial Subdivision of Ventromedial Thalamus through Cell Type-Specific Circuits, Forming an Excitatory Thalamo-Cortico-Thalamic Loop via Layer 1 Apical Tuft Dendrites of Layer 5B Pyramidal Tract Type Neurons. J Neurosci 38:8787-8797
Li, Xiaojian; Yamawaki, Naoki; Barrett, John M et al. (2018) Corrigendum: Scaling of Optogenetically Evoked Signaling in a Higher-Order Corticocortical Pathway in the Anesthetized Mouse. Front Syst Neurosci 12:50
Li, Xiaojian; Yamawaki, Naoki; Barrett, John M et al. (2018) Scaling of Optogenetically Evoked Signaling in a Higher-Order Corticocortical Pathway in the Anesthetized Mouse. Front Syst Neurosci 12:16
Neymotin, Samuel A; Suter, Benjamin A; Dura-Bernal, Salvador et al. (2017) Optimizing computer models of corticospinal neurons to replicate in vitro dynamics. J Neurophysiol 117:148-162
Yamawaki, Naoki; Suter, Benjamin A; Wickersham, Ian R et al. (2016) Combining Optogenetics and Electrophysiology to Analyze Projection Neuron Circuits. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2016:pdb.prot090084
Heuermann, Robert J; Jaramillo, Thomas C; Ying, Shui-Wang et al. (2016) Reduction of thalamic and cortical Ih by deletion of TRIP8b produces a mouse model of human absence epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 85:81-92
Yamawaki, Naoki; Radulovic, Jelena; Shepherd, Gordon M G (2016) A Corticocortical Circuit Directly Links Retrosplenial Cortex to M2 in the Mouse. J Neurosci 36:9365-74
Jovasevic, Vladimir; Corcoran, Kevin A; Leaderbrand, Katherine et al. (2015) GABAergic mechanisms regulated by miR-33 encode state-dependent fear. Nat Neurosci 18:1265-71
Suter, Benjamin A; Shepherd, Gordon M G (2015) Reciprocal interareal connections to corticospinal neurons in mouse M1 and S2. J Neurosci 35:2959-74
Yamawaki, Naoki; Shepherd, Gordon M G (2015) Synaptic circuit organization of motor corticothalamic neurons. J Neurosci 35:2293-307

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