This project focuses on how the Na/K pump is regulated by RNA editing. A central premise to our approach is that naturally occurring codon changes, caused by RNA editing, can lead us to functionally important regions of the Na/K pump. They might also be used as tools to compensate for rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism, genetic disease associated with the human Na/Ka3 subunit. The squid nervous system will be used as a model because RNA editing is extensive in cephalopods and because the editing sites that we have identified cause a gain of function, a rare phenomenon for a mutation. Preliminary data show that Na/K pump mRNAs can be edited at three codons, two in the phosphorylation domain (P), and the other at the top of the 7th transmembrane span (M7). These changes affect critical components of the pumping cycle. For example, the edits in the P domain increase the apparent affinity for ATP and the edit in M7 regulates how Na is released to the outside. Using an electrophysiological approach, the proposal's first two aims will characterize the mechanism by which these edits exert their function. The goal of the last aim is to see whether squid RNA edits can compensate for depressed turnover rates in human Na/Ka3 caused by mutations associated with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism. In addition, not only will we study if they can compensate, we will also try to develop a method to introduce these edits into human pumps at the level of mRNA. Preliminary data show that the human editing enzyme ADAR2 is capable of editing squid mRNAs because it recognizes the appropriate secondary structure. We hypothesize that we can trick human ADAR2 into editing human pumps by mimicking the squid secondary structure with an antisense RNA oligo. From the standpoint of public health, this work is significant on several fronts. The Na/K pump creates the ion gradient that is required for excitability and the majority of solute transport across cell membranes. With the first crystal structure recently published, this is an opportune time to learn more about how the Na/K pump operates. Clinically, the Na/K pump is important because it is the receptor of digoxin, a widely prescribed cardiac steroid used to control many cardiac arrhythmias. Further, two neural disorders have been directly correlated with mutations to the Na/K pump: familial hemiplegic migraine, which is linked to the Na/Ka2 subunit, and rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism, which is linked to the Na/Ka3 subunit. Results from this proposal will be directly relevant to the development of therapeutics for rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism. The general approach may also prove relevant for a wide variety of genetic disorders.
The Na/K pump plays a vital role in establishing ion gradients across cells. Preliminary data shows that its ability to pump can be regulated by RNA editing. This proposal focuses on understanding how RNA editing regulates the Na/K pump and how it might be used to treat genetic disorders that affect the Na/K pump.
| Liscovitch-Brauer, Noa; Alon, Shahar; Porath, Hagit T et al. (2017) Trade-off between Transcriptome Plasticity and Genome Evolution in Cephalopods. Cell 169:191-202.e11 |
| Ferrick-Kiddie, Elizabeth A; Rosenthal, Joshua J C; Ayers, Gregory D et al. (2017) Mutations underlying Episodic Ataxia type-1 antagonize Kv1.1 RNA editing. Sci Rep 7:41095 |
| Montiel-González, Maria Fernanda; Vallecillo-Viejo, Isabel C; Rosenthal, Joshua J C (2016) An efficient system for selectively altering genetic information within mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 44:e157 |
| Rosenthal, Joshua J C (2015) The emerging role of RNA editing in plasticity. J Exp Biol 218:1812-21 |
| Alon, Shahar; Garrett, Sandra C; Levanon, Erez Y et al. (2015) The majority of transcripts in the squid nervous system are extensively recoded by A-to-I RNA editing. Elife 4: |
| Stanley, Christopher M; Gagnon, Dominique G; Bernal, Adam et al. (2015) Importance of the Voltage Dependence of Cardiac Na/K ATPase Isozymes. Biophys J 109:1852-62 |
| Montiel-Gonzalez, Maria Fernanda; Vallecillo-Viejo, Isabel; Yudowski, Guillermo A et al. (2013) Correction of mutations within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by site-directed RNA editing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:18285-90 |
| Garrett, Sandra C; Rosenthal, Joshua J C (2012) A role for A-to-I RNA editing in temperature adaptation. Physiology (Bethesda) 27:362-9 |
| Garrett, Sandra; Rosenthal, Joshua J C (2012) RNA editing underlies temperature adaptation in K+ channels from polar octopuses. Science 335:848-51 |
| Palavicini, Juan Pablo; Correa-Rojas, Rodrigo A; Rosenthal, Joshua J C (2012) Extra double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD) in a squid RNA editing enzyme confers resistance to high salt environment. J Biol Chem 287:17754-64 |
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