Primary dystonia, which often begins in late childhood or adolescence, has traditionally been attributed to basal ganglia dysfunction, but no specific histopathological lesions of these structures are evident on postmortem examination. In fact, the challenge of primary dystonia is reflected in its clinical definition: the presence of involuntary, sustained muscle contractions in the absence of identifiable brain lesions. This lack of clear neuropathology has this illness difficult to understand and treat. Our recent work supports a new paradigm for understanding dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder. Taking advantage of the partial penetrance of inherited dystonia and the fact that dystonic movements disappear during sleep, we employed new magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) methods in manifesting and non- manifesting mutation carriers to examine motor circuit activity. We made the surprising discovery that both manifesting and non-manifesting mutation carriers exhibit disruptions of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract, and that non-manifesting individuals show additional, distal disruptions in the thalamo-cortical projection pathways. This distal defect is clinically """"""""protective"""""""": it blocks transmission of the aberrant cerebellar output to the motor cortex. Our work has given rise to a new model for the motor circuitry dysfunction underlying dystonia, which we will test in this proposal as we seek to identify the changes in fiber tract integrity (microstructure) and neural activation responses (function) that regulate clinical penetrance, account for phenotypic differences, and modulate treatment response in primary dystonia.
In Specific Aim 1 we will characterize motor circuit abnormalities in hereditary primary dystonia by examining structure-function relationships in manifesting and non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 and DYT6 mutations. We will assess pathway microstructure (using DTI) and circuit function using H215O PET to measure cerebral blood flow during task performance and in the rest state and fMRI to localize task-related neural activation responses.
In Specific Aim 2 we will identify circuit abnormalities in sporadic dystonia, conducting DTI/tractography studies and brain activation experiments and comparing the results to those obtained in patients with hereditary forms of the disease. Finally, in Specific Aim 3, we seek to understand how deep brain stimulation (DBS) works in dystonia when it does work, and identify predictors of patient response. DBS can be effective in treating severe primary dystonia, but not all patients benefit equally, and symptoms can re-emerge after an initial period of abatement. Subjects will undergo preoperative imaging and then participate in a series of studies at multiple postoperative time points following the start of chronic stimulation. The resulting scan data will be used to: (a) measure serial changes in network activity as the treatment response develops;(b) identify patterns of microstructural change at baseline that correlate with clinical treatment response;and (c) develop quantitative preoperative imaging descriptors to predict treatment response in individual subjects.

Public Health Relevance

In this project, we aim to use innovative imaging strategies to define the structure-function circuit abnormalities that underlie primary dystonia. Improved understanding of these network-level changes is likely to provide a rationale for the development of new therapies for this often severe and debilitating neurological condition. The intended work is also likely to facilitate the development of an image-based biomarker of the treatment response, which may have value in the objective assessment of novel interventions for primary dystonia and related movement disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS072514-04
Application #
8699851
Study Section
Motor Function, Speech and Rehabilitation Study Section (MFSR)
Program Officer
Sieber, Beth-Anne
Project Start
2011-04-01
Project End
2015-03-31
Budget Start
2014-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$607,191
Indirect Cost
$215,218
Name
Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
110565913
City
Manhasset
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
11030
Fujita, Koji; Sako, Wataru; Vo, An et al. (2018) Disruption of network for visual perception of natural motion in primary dystonia. Hum Brain Mapp 39:1163-1174
Vo, An; Sako, Wataru; Niethammer, Martin et al. (2015) Thalamocortical Connectivity Correlates with Phenotypic Variability in Dystonia. Cereb Cortex 25:3086-94
Sako, Wataru; Fujita, Koji; Vo, An et al. (2015) The visual perception of natural motion: abnormal task-related neural activity in DYT1 dystonia. Brain 138:3598-609
Lerner, Renata P; Niethammer, Martin; Eidelberg, David (2013) Understanding the anatomy of dystonia: determinants of penetrance and phenotype. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13:401
Vo, An; Eidelberg, David; Ulu?, Aziz M (2013) White matter changes in primary dystonia determined by 2D distribution analysis of diffusion tensor images. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:59-66
Vo, An; Argyelan, Miklos; Eidelberg, David et al. (2013) Early registration of diffusion tensor images for group tractography of dystonia patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:67-75
Holtbernd, Florian; Eidelberg, David (2012) Functional brain networks in movement disorders: recent advances. Curr Opin Neurol 25:392-401