Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disease caused by mutation of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Patients frequently have severe CNS manifestations including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities and autism. Cortical malformations (""""""""tubers"""""""") in the brains of patients with TSC are generally accepted as responsible for these severe neurological manifestations. Previous studies using human tissues and transgenic mouse and zebrafish models have led our focus on neural progenitor/stem cells. Abnormalities of neural progenitor cells may readily explain the increased cell number, atypical differentiation and ectopic position of neurons seen within the brain of patients with TSC. Several signaling pathways are known to be dysregulated in TSC though control of the mTOR kinase appears most critical. Recent findings support abnormalities of mTOR within two distinct protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. These alterations differ as we have found that Tsc1- deficient mouse neural progenitor cells appear to have increased mTORC1 but decreased mTORC2 signaling. However, the relative contribution of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling during the pathogenesis of TSC remains poorly understood. The overarching goal of this proposal is to determine the role of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in the pathogenesis of TSC. This goal directly addresses the NINDS Strategic Plan by seeking to increase our knowledge of how the normal brain and nervous system develop, how these processes are subverted in disease and whether this information can lead to better treatments of neurological disorders. To achieve this goal we will use both transgenic mouse models featuring the inactivation of the mouse Tsc1 gene as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) we have generated from patients with TSC due to loss of function mutations of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. The direct comparison of mouse and human neural progenitor cells is a key aspect of this proposal as fundamental differences in the control of mTOR signaling in the brain likely arose during evolution.
The Specific Aims of this project are to 1) Determine if TSC1/2-mutant human and Tsc1-deficient mouse neural progenitor cells generate excessive numbers of neurons;2) Determine if neurons generated from TSC1-deficient and TSC2-deficient human and Tsc1-deficient mouse neural progenitors are able to acquire lower or upper layer identity and whether inhibition of mTORC1 signaling can restore these identities;3). Determine if decreased mTORC2 signaling alone is sufficient to cause abnormal differentiation of mouse and human neural progenitor cells. These studies should greatly increase our understanding of the function of the mouse Tsc1 and human TSC genes. Our proposal is expected to define abnormal mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways in mouse and human cells and lead to the development of much more effective therapies for patients with TSC.

Public Health Relevance

This project directly addresses human health through the study of pathological mechanisms leading to brain malformations, epilepsy and autism in children. The use of transgenic mice and patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells leverages recent advances in basic and translational research for the study of tuberous sclerosis complex. This proposal then is considered to be highly responsive to the 2010 NINDS Strategic Plan: Understand how the normal brain and nervous system develop and work, and what goes wrong in disease, and Translate basic and clinical discoveries into better ways to prevent and treat neurological disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS078289-03
Application #
8658864
Study Section
Neurogenesis and Cell Fate Study Section (NCF)
Program Officer
Mamounas, Laura
Project Start
2012-06-01
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2014-07-03
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$337,545
Indirect Cost
$120,983
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37212
Krueger, Darcy A; Capal, Jamie K; Curatolo, Paolo et al. (2018) Short-term safety of mTOR inhibitors in infants and very young children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC): Multicentre clinical experience. Eur J Paediatr Neurol :
Xie, Yunyao; Schutte, Ryan J; Ng, Nathan N et al. (2018) Reproducible and efficient generation of functionally active neurons from human hiPSCs for preclinical disease modeling. Stem Cell Res 26:84-94
Armstrong, Laura C; Westlake, Grant; Snow, John P et al. (2017) Heterozygous loss of TSC2 alters p53 signaling and human stem cell reprogramming. Hum Mol Genet 26:4629-4641
Grier, Mark D; West, Kathryn L; Kelm, Nathaniel D et al. (2017) Loss of mTORC2 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells delays myelination. PLoS One 12:e0188417
Tidball, Andrew M; Neely, M Diana; Chamberlin, Reed et al. (2016) Genomic Instability Associated with p53 Knockdown in the Generation of Huntington's Disease Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 11:e0150372
Kelm, Nathaniel D; West, Kathryn L; Carson, Robert P et al. (2016) Evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in ex vivo hypomyelinated mouse brains. Neuroimage 124:612-626
Sahin, Mustafa; Henske, Elizabeth P; Manning, Brendan D et al. (2016) Advances and Future Directions for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Research: Recommendations From the 2015 Strategic Planning Conference. Pediatr Neurol 60:1-12
de Vries, Petrus J; Whittemore, Vicky H; Leclezio, Loren et al. (2015) Tuberous sclerosis associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) and the TAND Checklist. Pediatr Neurol 52:25-35
Ess, Kevin C; Chugani, Harry T (2015) Dynamic tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex: A window for intervention? Neurology 85:1530-1
Thomas, Lance R; Wang, Qingguo; Grieb, Brian C et al. (2015) Interaction with WDR5 promotes target gene recognition and tumorigenesis by MYC. Mol Cell 58:440-52

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