Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in athletes is a major and increasingly recognized public health problem. The presumed pathologic basis of the injury is multifocal microstructural traumatic axonal injury (TAI), which can be detected in vivo using diffusion tensor MRI (DTI). These structural changes have both short-term and long-term cognitive consequences. Our preliminary studies show that amateur soccer players do head the ball frequently, up to >5,000 per year, and those who head more than 1,000- 1,500 times per year are at increased risk for structural (TAI) and functional (poorer cognitive performance) changes. Heading exposes the brain to repeated low-level (""""""""subconcussive"""""""") trauma. It is known that multiple head injuries in close succession are associated with worse outcomes. Additional work is needed to define exposure-response relationships for soccer heading, the time course for the onset and recovery from these structural and functional effects and particularly vulnerable populations. Herein, we use 3 integrated study designs to determine the influence of heading on brain structure and function. In a cross-sectional study (Aim 1), we assess the relationship of heading over the previous year to structural (TAI) and functional (cognition and post-concussion symptoms (PCS)) measures in a large sample (n=400) of amateur soccer players. To assess causality, we propose a longitudinal study to investigate the incremental effects of heading on changes in TAI, cognition and PCS over 2 years of follow-up (Aim 2). To assess the short-term relationship between heading and day-to-day variability in cognitive function and PCS as well as the predictive value of intensive measurement, we will assess heading, cognition and PCS on a daily basis for 14 days every 3 months using a hand-held device in a substudy of 100 players. We will also assess a number of potential modifiers of the association between heading and brain structure and function (e.g., Apolipoprotein E4 genotype).
Specific Aims :
Aim I (Cross-sectional): Determine the relationship of heading exposure to MRI evidence of traumatic axonal injury (TAI), cognitive function and post concussion symptoms (PCS).
Aim II (Longitudinal): Determine the longitudinal relationships between heading and incremental changes in TAI, cognitive function, and PCS in a prospective study.
Aim III (Intensive measurement): Determine the short-term effects on and variability in day-to-day cognitive function and PCS using an intensive measurement design.

Public Health Relevance

Sports-related brain injury (concussion) is a major and increasingly recognized public health problem. We address a very common activity, soccer heading, which our preliminary data demonstrates to be a cause of structural and functional changes typical of brain injury, even in players without history of concussion. The results of our proposed study can characterize the relationship of heading to brain injury and thereby lay a foundation for the development and implementation of new safe play guidelines, perhaps to be termed header counts, similar to the pitch counts used to mitigate upper extremity injury due to repetitive minor trauma in little league baseball pitchers.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS082432-02
Application #
8609608
Study Section
Neurological, Aging and Musculoskeletal Epidemiology Study Section (NAME)
Program Officer
Bellgowan, Patrick S F
Project Start
2013-02-01
Project End
2018-01-31
Budget Start
2014-02-01
Budget End
2015-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
City
Bronx
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10461
Lipton, Michael L; Ifrah, Chloe; Stewart, Walter F et al. (2018) Validation of HeadCount-2w for estimation of two-week heading: Comparison to daily reporting in adult amateur player. J Sci Med Sport 21:363-367
Hunter, Liane E; Ifrah, Chloe; Zimmerman, Molly E et al. (2018) Heading and unintentional head impacts have opposing associations with Patient Reported Outcomes in amateur soccer players. Res Sports Med 26:390-400
Rubin, Todd G; Catenaccio, Eva; Fleysher, Roman et al. (2018) MRI-defined White Matter Microstructural Alteration Associated with Soccer Heading Is More Extensive in Women than Men. Radiology 289:478-486
Bond, Dale S; Thomas, J Graham; Lipton, Richard B et al. (2018) Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention for Migraine: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 26:81-87
Levitch, Cara F; Ifrah, Chloe; Kim, Mimi et al. (2018) Personality and Risk Taking in Sports: A Focus on Unintentional and Intentional Head Impacts in Amateur Soccer Players. Clin J Sport Med :
Moran, Eileen E; Wang, Cuiling; Katz, Mindy et al. (2017) Cognitive and motor functioning in elderly glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers. Neurobiol Aging 58:239.e1-239.e7
Stewart, Walter F; Kim, Namhee; Ifrah, Chloe S et al. (2017) Symptoms from repeated intentional and unintentional head impact in soccer players. Neurology 88:901-908
Catenaccio, Eva; Mu, Weiya; Kaplan, Atira et al. (2017) Characterization of Neck Strength in Healthy Young Adults. PM R 9:884-891
Catenaccio, Eva; Mu, Weiya; Lipton, Michael L (2016) Estrogen- and progesterone-mediated structural neuroplasticity in women: evidence from neuroimaging. Brain Struct Funct 221:3845-3867
Kim, Namhee; Heo, Moonseong; Fleysher, Roman et al. (2016) Two step Gaussian mixture model approach to characterize white matter disease based on distributional changes. J Neurosci Methods 270:156-164

Showing the most recent 10 out of 17 publications