The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA4 has been implicated in several neurodegenerative processes. Strikingly, a recent study has shown that low EphA4 expression and loss-of-function mutations are linked to late onset and prolonged survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating neurodegenerative illness for which there is no cure and the only FDA-approved therapy can increase survival by only several months. Even partial EphA4 gene inactivation has shown beneficial effects in animal models of ALS, making inhibition of EphA4 function an attractive strategy to counteract neurodegeneration. Accordingly, a peptide that we previously discovered as a selective EphA4 antagonist has shown promise in the classic rat SOD1 G93A ALS model, where it significantly dampened ALS pathogenesis demonstrating the therapeutic potential of EphA4 antagonistic agents. Despite these exciting results, our first generation EphA4 antagonists lack the required potency and stability in biological systems to make them suitable as leads for drug development. Thus, in this application we propose to develop and evaluate new potent EphA4 antagonists with pharmacological properties suitable to make them bona fide therapeutic leads for future treatment of ALS. In our preliminary work, we have developed a derivative of a cyclic dodecapeptide that specifically inhibits EphA4-ephrin binding with an IC50 value of ~25 nM. This prototype is a striking 80 fold more potent than any previously known EphA4 antagonist and has the potential for optimization to become a desired therapeutic lead. To develop related cyclic EphA4 antagonists towards this goal, we propose a highly integrated iterative strategy using peptide medicinal chemistry, structural biology and our long-standing expertise in EphA4 neurobiology. The activities of rationally designed new peptide antagonists will be evaluated using biochemical assays and neuronal cell culture models. Complementing these studies, our most promising new EphA4 antagonists will be profiled for their properties in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and their propensity to cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as their half-lie in the blood circulation. Finally, in vivo studies in collaboration with renowned ALS expert Dr. Wim Robberecht will characterize the best antagonists in delaying disease onset and promoting survival in an ALS mouse model. We anticipate that the proposed studies will result in a potent EphA4 inhibitor with a pharmacologic profile suited for immediate development as a therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other treatments. They will also provide valuable insight into the mechanism underlying the benefits of EphA4 inhibition against neurodegeneration.

Public Health Relevance

Several studies have implicated the EphA4 cell surface receptor in ALS and other neurological diseases. Recent work using first generation antagonistic agents we developed show that EphA4 is a new promising target whose decreased activity has beneficial effects in a classic animal model of ALS. Yet, currently available antagonists that inhibit the interaction of EphA4 with its natural ligands lack potency and other attributes necessary for development into future therapeutics. Overcoming this hindrance, we now have identified new EphA4 peptide antagonists as highly promising agents to achieve high potency for in vivo use, which we seek to advance towards a bona fide lead for the development of ALS therapies in this proposal. Our studies will additionally generate tools and insight to decipher the role of EphA4 in ALS and neurodegeneration.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS087070-01A1
Application #
8818780
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (DDNS)
Program Officer
Gubitz, Amelie
Project Start
2014-09-02
Project End
2019-08-31
Budget Start
2014-09-02
Budget End
2015-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$707,562
Indirect Cost
$249,058
Name
Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
020520466
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
Flood, Dillon T; Hintzen, Jordi C J; Bird, Michael J et al. (2018) Leveraging the Knorr Pyrazole Synthesis for the Facile Generation of Thioester Surrogates for use in Native Chemical Ligation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 57:11634-11639
Cistrone, Philip A; Silvestri, Anthony P; Hintzen, Jordi C J et al. (2018) Rigid Peptide Macrocycles from On-Resin Glaser Stapling. Chembiochem 19:1031-1035
Lee, Taehyung C; Moran, Crystal R; Cistrone, Philip A et al. (2018) Site-Specific Three-Color Labeling of ?-Synuclein via Conjugation to Uniquely Reactive Cysteines during Assembly by Native Chemical Ligation. Cell Chem Biol 25:797-801.e4
Liew, Sean K; Holownia, Aleksandra; Diaz, Diego B et al. (2017) Borylated oximes: versatile building blocks for organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 53:11237-11240
Huang, Timothy Y; Zhao, Yingjun; Jiang, Lu-Lin et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid ?-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med 214:3669-3685
Pasquale, Elena B (2016) Exosomes expand the sphere of influence of Eph receptors and ephrins. J Cell Biol 214:5-7
Palomo, Valle; Díaz, Sebastián A; Stewart, Michael H et al. (2016) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Peptides as Nonperturbative Quantum Dot Sensors of Aminopeptidase. ACS Nano 10:6090-9
Olson, Erika J; Lechtenberg, Bernhard C; Zhao, Chunxia et al. (2016) Modifications of a Nanomolar Cyclic Peptide Antagonist for the EphA4 Receptor To Achieve High Plasma Stability. ACS Med Chem Lett 7:841-6
Riedl, Stefan J; Pasquale, Elena B (2015) Targeting the Eph System with Peptides and Peptide Conjugates. Curr Drug Targets 16:1031-47
Barquilla, Antonio; Pasquale, Elena B (2015) Eph receptors and ephrins: therapeutic opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 55:465-87

Showing the most recent 10 out of 11 publications