JC virus (JCV) causes a fatal disease in the central nervous system (CNS), known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with underlying immunosuppressive conditions, including leukemia, lymphoma and AIDS. PML in the era of the AIDS epidemic dramatically increased and is an AIDS associated illness. This disease is also steadily increasing among patients with autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease, who are treated with antibody-based drugs (natalizumab), which makes JCV as a risk factor for autoimmune disease populations. Our lab has considerable experience in studying the unique biology of JCV for a number of years. In recent years, however, we have focused our attention to the investigation of the functional roles of one of its regulatory proteins, Agnoprotein (Agno) (71 aa long), which is shown to play critical roles in the viral life cycle. In the absence of its expression, JCV is unable to sustain its productive cycle. We have made significant advances in understanding the biological functions of Agno in recent years. For instance, (i) Agno was found to form highly stable dimeric/oligomeric (multimeric) structures in vitro and in vivo and this is mediated by amino acids spanning from 28 to 39 which forms an amphipathic alpha-helix confirmed by our recent NMR studies. (ii) Agno undergoes a rapid degradation process and the viral replication levels significantly decrease if the alpha- helix region is altered by mutagenesis. (iii) Interestingly, the dimerization domain mutants were found to have profound defects in the alternative splicing process of the viral transcripts, suggesting new roles for Agno in regulation of viral RNA splicing. The initial splicing studies wit the dimerization domain mutants even led to the discovery of a novel and previously unpredicted open reading frame (new ORF) for JCV late transcripts, the significance of which needs to be uncovered for the JCV replication cycle. (iv) Moreover, Agno was also found to specifically bind to the JCV RNA and harbors a predicted nuclear export signal (NES). Furthermore, it specifically interacts with CRM1 and accumulates in the nucleus of the infected cells if they are treated with a CRM1 specific inhibitor, Leptomycin B. These findings also suggest novel regulatory roles for Agno in nucleo- cytoplasmic export of the viral RNA in a CRM1-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings provide us with a strong rationale to further investigate the novel regulatory roles of Agno in splicing and the nucleo- cytoplasmic export of JCV transcripts; and allowed us formulate our central hypothesis: Agno and its multimeric forms play important regulatory roles in the alternative splicing of the viral transcrips and their CRM1-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic export. We propose to examine our hypothesis by thoroughly investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of the regulation of the both events by Agno. 1

Public Health Relevance

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal disease of the central nervous system caused by a human polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV). This disease primarily occurs in a subset of immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS. In recent years however, this disease resurfaced in a subpopulation of autoimmune disease patients, including Multiple Sclerosis, who are treated with immunomodulatory drugs. Agnoprotein is a small regulatory protein of JCV plays important regulatory roles in JCV life cycle. It forms stable dimeric/oligomeric structures through its Leu/Ile/Phe-rich domain, which plays an essential role in stability and function of the protein. NMR structure studies revealed that the dimerization domain of the protein (Le/Ile/Phe-rich region) forms an amphipathic a-helix. Recent studies suggest that agnoprotein is involved in regulation of the splicing and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of the viral transcripts. The goal of this application is then to further investigate mechanisms underlying its regulatory roles in those processes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS090949-05
Application #
9626439
Study Section
NeuroAIDS and other End-Organ Diseases Study Section (NAED)
Program Officer
Wong, May
Project Start
2015-04-01
Project End
2021-01-31
Budget Start
2019-02-01
Budget End
2021-01-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Temple University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
057123192
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19122
Saribas, A Sami; Coric, Pascale; Bouaziz, Serge et al. (2018) Expression of novel proteins by polyomaviruses and recent advances in the structural and functional features of agnoprotein of JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40. J Cell Physiol :
Saribas, A Sami; DeVoto, Julia; Golla, Akhil et al. (2018) Discovery and characterization of novel trans-spliced products of human polyoma JC virus late transcripts from PML patients. J Cell Physiol 233:4137-4155
Saribas, A Sami; White, Martyn K; Safak, Mahmut (2018) Structure-based release analysis of the JC virus agnoprotein regions: A role for the hydrophilic surface of the major alpha helix domain in release. J Cell Physiol 233:2343-2359
Coric, Pascale; Saribas, A Sami; Abou-Gharbia, Magid et al. (2017) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of the Human Polyoma JC Virus Agnoprotein. J Cell Biochem 118:3268-3280
Saribas, A Sami; Coric, Pascale; Hamazaspyan, Anahit et al. (2016) Emerging From the Unknown: Structural and Functional Features of Agnoprotein of Polyomaviruses. J Cell Physiol 231:2115-27