One of the major challenges of motor control is to understand how the central nervous system controls the degrees of freedom of the body. This is particularly evident in cerebral palsy (CP), which is the most prevalent chronic childhood motor disability and is one of the most disabling and costly chronic disorders of children and adults. Deficits in postural control and sensorimotor integration are hallmarks of CP. Thirty-three percent of children with CP never achieve stable sitting balance in spite of current treatments. Although postural control of the trunk for independent sitting creates the foundation for all other motor tasks, surprisingly little is known about how infants use sensory input to guide their development of upright control (which typically occurs by 8 months of age). This lack of knowledge limits our ability to effectively assess and treat children with neuromotor deficits in trunk control.
AIM 1 will identify sensory reliance and sensory reweighting in a longitudinal study of typically developing (TD) infants prior to, and during, development of stable sitting (1-8 months of age).
AIM 2 will identify sensory reliance and sensory reweighting in a cross sectional study of children with moderate-to-severe CP (4-12 yrs of age). A novel trunk support device will enable testing of participants who lack (or are still developing) stable sitting. In experiments, kinematics of the head and trunk will be measured. Sensory reliance and reweighting will be identified from postural trunk responses to sensory conflict stimuli consisting of tilts of a visua surround and/or tilts of a surface which participants sit upon. Generally, participants with a high reliance on vestibular feedback will remain upright with respect to gravity during all tests; whereas a high reliance on cutaneous or visual feedback will produce trunk sway away from upright and toward the surface or visual surround tilt, respectively. To tease apart biomechanical, physical, and neurological contributions to trunk sway, sensorimotor integration modeling will be used to complement data interpretation. Knowledge obtained from this study will allow clinicians to develop new methods of assessment and intervention and may lead to creation of novel support devices for children with moderate-to-severe CP. The identification of sensorimotor integration during typical development will provide benchmarks for comparison with a variety of other neural or musculoskeletal deficits that affect trunk control, including CP.It is anticipated that, in addition to identification of sensory reliance, the rich data set collectedand quantitative model development will give insight into questions about sensorimotor noise, variability, system linearity, and internal models, generating pilot data and refining hypotheses for future R01 grants.

Public Health Relevance

(2-3 sentences summarizing the relevance of the proposed research) This research will provide new insight into how typical infants and children with moderate-to- severe CP use sensory feedback during acquisition of trunk control for sitting. Results from typical infants will provide benchmarks for helping children with CP gain upright control. If children with CP can gain upright control it will dramatically improve their functional abilities (eating, talking, reaching, sitting, standing and walking) reducing the financial burden n systems of care and families.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Small Research Grants (R03)
Project #
5R03DC013858-02
Application #
8812791
Study Section
Communication Disorders Review Committee (CDRC)
Program Officer
Donahue, Amy
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2017-05-31
Budget Start
2015-06-01
Budget End
2016-05-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Hartford
Department
Physical Medicine & Rehab
Type
Sch Allied Health Professions
DUNS #
069264398
City
West Hartford
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
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Goodworth, Adam D; Tetreault, Kimberly; Lanman, Jeffrey et al. (2018) Sensorimotor control of the trunk in sitting sway referencing. J Neurophysiol 120:37-52
Goodworth, Adam D; Wu, Yen-Hsun; Felmlee, Duffy et al. (2017) A Trunk Support System to Identify Posture Control Mechanisms in Populations Lacking Independent Sitting. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 25:22-30
Wu, Yen-Hsun; Duncan, Kerian; Saavedra, Sandra et al. (2016) Segmental trunk and head dynamics during frontal plane tilt stimuli in healthy sitting adults. J Biomech 49:2831-2837
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Saavedra, Sandra L; Woollacott, Marjorie H (2015) Segmental Contributions to Trunk Control in Children With Moderate-to-Severe Cerebral Palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 96:1088-97