Malaria is a major public health problem in tropical regions worldwide. It is estimated that 500 million people are infected with malarial parasites annually and the problem has been exacerbated in the past 20 years by the emergence of drug resistant parasites. There is an urgent need for novel classes of antimalarial drugs. To date no malaria vaccine has been developed and parasites resistant to all classes of antimalarials exist in many areas of the world. Rational treatment policies that combine multiple classes of antimalarial drugs are being used to limit the origin and spread of drug resistance, but unfortunately there are insufficient drug classes available to ensure the long term success of this approach. The goal of this project is to isolate new chemical compounds with potent activity against drug sensitive and drug resistant malarial parasites. Compounds isolated from plants have proven to be the mainstay in antimalarial therapy for centuries. Three major drug classes in use against malaria are based on plant-derived structures. Quinine was originally isolated from Cinchona spp. and provided the chemical template for chloroquine and newer derivatives. Artemisinin was originally isolated from Artemisia annua and the newest class of compounds represented by atovaquone is structurally derived from lapachol, isolated from Tabebuia sp. There remains a good expectation that new antimalarial compounds can be identified from plants. In preliminary studies we screened a unique extract library derived from plants that thrive in the harsh environment of South Texas. Four crude extracts showed potent activity against the malaria parasite P. falciparum with an IC50 range of 1.8 - 12.2 Malaria is major public health problem, causing over 1 million deaths per year worldwide. The discovery and development of new antimalarial drugs is becoming increasingly urgent as drug- resistant strains become increasingly prevalent. We propose to isolate the active antimalarial compound(s) present in the crude extracts in at least 14 previously uninvestigated plants that have promising antimalarial activity.Public Health Relevance
| Cai, Shengxin; Risinger, April L; Nair, Shalini et al. (2016) Identification of Compounds with Efficacy against Malaria Parasites from Common North American Plants. J Nat Prod 79:490-8 |
