The ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system 1) secretion system is a key virulence determinant in both mycobacteria and Gram-positive pathogens. There is a fundamental gap in understanding the molecular mechanisms of this secretion system because all of the genes required for ESX-1 function have not been identified. The absence of this information is because a saturating genetic screen for requirements of ESX-1 secretion has never been performed due to technical limitations in the direct, high throughput measurement of ESX-1 function. However, the acquisition of such knowledge is critical to the basic understanding of mycobacterial virulence. The long-term goal is to understand the basic molecular mechanisms of protein secretion systems that underlie mycobacterial pathogenesis. The objective of this proposal is to attain the primary step toward this goal by identifying all of the genes required for ESX-1 secretion in pathogenic mycobacteria. The hypothesis is that this can be accomplished using a direct saturating genetic screen to monitor ESX-1 function. A proteomics based method that allows direct, high throughput monitoring of secretion of mycobacterial ESX-1 substrates was devised and validated in the applicant's laboratory. The rationale that underlies this proposal is that the knowledge amassed in the completion of this project will greatly advance the understanding of this important virulence pathway. Therefore, the following specific aim has been proposed: To conduct a direct, saturating genetic screen to comprehensively identify the components of the ESX-1 secretion system in pathogenic mycobacteria. A method using whole colony MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight) mass spectrometry to directly monitor ESX-1 protein secretion in bacteria has been established as feasible in the applicant's hands. This method will be used to conduct large scale screening of a Mycobacterium marinum transposon library to identify colonies that do not secrete ESX-1 substrates. The proposed approach is innovative because it represents a direct departure from the status quo and will overcome the current technical hurdle to identifying all components of the ESX-1 system. This contribution will be significant because it is expected to result in a great advance in understanding the basic biology of ESX-1 secretion.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research is relevant to public health because understanding the basic biology of how mycobacterial pathogens cause disease is the first step in developing new anti- Tuberculosis diagnostics and therapeutics, which would help alleviate the current Tuberculosis epidemic. This research is relevant to the part of NIH's mission that relates to the pursuit of fundamental knowledge that will lead to the development of scientific resources that will assist in disease prevention.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI092484-01A1
Application #
8189796
Study Section
Prokaryotic Cell and Molecular Biology Study Section (PCMB)
Program Officer
Lacourciere, Karen A
Project Start
2011-06-01
Project End
2013-05-31
Budget Start
2011-06-01
Budget End
2012-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$225,000
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Notre Dame
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
824910376
City
Notre Dame
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
46556
Kennedy, George M; Hooley, Gwendolyn C; Champion, Matthew M et al. (2014) A novel ESX-1 locus reveals that surface-associated ESX-1 substrates mediate virulence in Mycobacterium marinum. J Bacteriol 196:1877-88
Champion, Patricia A DiGiuseppe (2013) Disconnecting in vitro ESX-1 secretion from mycobacterial virulence. J Bacteriol 195:5418-20
Champion, Matthew M; Williams, Emily A; Kennedy, George M et al. (2012) Direct detection of bacterial protein secretion using whole colony proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 11:596-604