Vaccines have provided the most cost-effective tool to control infectious diseases caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. However, there are no vaccines against any human parasitic infections and the development of an effective malaria vaccine remains an unachieved goal. Malaria infections account for nearly a million deaths out of ~ 300 million clinical cases globally on an annual basis. Vaccines based on antigens targeting the sexual stages of the parasite provide a direct approach to reduce malaria transmission. Antibodies recognizing specific conformational epitopes in these proteins are potent blockers of infectivity of malaria parasites in the mosquito. In this R21 application we propose to assess cellular, molecular and immune correlates of efficacy and safety of modified DNA vaccines using a well characterized malaria vaccine candidate, Pfs25, as a model immunogen. DNA vaccines induce a good initial immune response;however, in larger mammals they require heterologous boosting, eg. adjuvanted proteins to sustain functional antibody titers. Poor immunogenicity of DNA vaccines could result from an immune phenomenon described as T cell exhaustion or dysfunction resulting from upregulation of the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor in activated T cells and PD-L1 on antigen presenting cells. We propose to test this hypothesis through the novel addition of an RNAi sequence (designed to knockdown PD-L1) to a DNA vaccine and expect enhanced immunogenicity of DNA vaccines reflected in higher titer and longer lasting antibody responses. We will test our hypothesis by pursuing the following specific aims.
In specific aim 1 we will develop DNA vaccines capable of silencing PD-L1 and expressing vaccine antigen within the same cell. Studies in specific aim 2 will provide a proof-of-principle through in vivo evaluation of potency of modified DNA vaccines and associated TFH cell responses. These studies will provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular correlates of immunogenic efficacy and safety of DNA vaccines, and also provide the basis for more in depth studies on vaccine development across a broad spectrum.
Malaria parasites are responsible for nearly 300 million infections globally resulting in nearly a million deaths annually. Vaccines are urgently needed to control and eliminate the disease. The proposed research will focus on the development of a DNA vaccine to stop transmission and help with the ultimate goal of malaria elimination.
| Datta, Dibyadyuti; Bansal, Geetha P; Grasperge, Brooke et al. (2017) Comparative functional potency of DNA vaccines encoding Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking target antigens Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 administered alone or in combination by in vivo electroporation in rhesus macaques. Vaccine 35:7049-7056 |
| Datta, Dibyadyuti; Bansal, Geetha P; Gerloff, Dietlind L et al. (2017) Immunogenicity and malaria transmission reducing potency of Pfs48/45 and Pfs25 encoded by DNA vaccines administered by intramuscular electroporation. Vaccine 35:264-272 |
| Juliano, Jonathan J; Parobek, Christian M; Brazeau, Nicholas F et al. (2016) Pooled Amplicon Deep Sequencing of Candidate Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Antigens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94:143-6 |
