Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects one-third of the human population and causes ~1.7 million deaths a year, broadly impacting population and economic development. Current therapy requires a prolonged time-course of 6-9 months, making patient compliance difficult, and exacerbating the problem of drug-resistant strains. A critical factor in the prolonged therapy required is thought to be heterogeneity in microenvironments and bacterial and lesion properties during infection, but little is known about what drives this heterogeneity, and how it affects colonization and disease progression. Our long-term hypothesis is that the heterogeneous lesions, microenvironments and bacterial responses are regulated and not just stochastic, providing points for therapeutic intervention. The inability to understand this process thus constitutes a critical block that must be overcome for continued progress in the field. Bulk assays do not provide a means to study this phenomenon, and the technical difficulties associated with studying heterogeneity during whole animal infection has been a significant barrier to progress. This project seeks to overcome these hurdles by first developing an imaging strategy to enable analysis of Mtb-host interactions at the single bacterium level, in the context of intact 3- dimensional host tissue architecture. To accomplish this, tissue optical clearing methods and innovative fluorescent reporter Mtb strains that allow direct readout of a bacterium?s replication status and aspects of its local environment will be used, together with a murine infection model that exhibits the full range of granuloma types observed during human infection. This integrated imaging strategy will then be utilized to (i) establish a framework delineating key lesion and host cell properties conducive for Mtb growth, and (ii) elucidate the impact of non-uniform microenvironments on Mtb replication and lesion properties in vivo, and test how modulation of Mtb response to environmental signals impacts infection heterogeneity and outcome. The latter aim will focus on the response of Mtb to chloride and potassium, two novel and important cues for Mtb during infection that represent possible Achilles? heels that can be targeted to shift the balance of infection. Mechanistic understanding of heterogeneity in microenvironments and lesion properties is critical for defining the molecular and cellular basis of how Mtb interfaces with its host, vital for the development of better therapies. Further, the development of a framework for understanding Mtb-host interactions represents a rich source for hypothesis generation for the long-term goal of understanding the host and bacterial determinants that influence heterogeneity, and how these elements control Mtb colonization, disease progression, and treatment. The concept of heterogeneous environments and its impact on host-pathogen interactions is increasingly being appreciated, with studies in multiple bacterial species. The methodological and conceptual advances achieved from the proposed studies will thus also have far-reaching applicability to the broader field of infectious diseases and microbial pathogenesis.

Public Health Relevance

Heterogeneity in microenvironments and bacterial and lesion properties is a marked feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection that impacts critically on disease progression and outcome. This proposal seeks to develop an integrated imaging system that enables study in a whole animal model of this variability, and to establish a framework for understanding the relationships between bacterial microenvironment, host cell and lesion properties, and Mtb replication status. By testing how modulation of Mtb response to environmental cues affects non-uniform bacterial and host behavior during infection, these studies will shed light on factors driving heterogeneity and potentially inform new methods for perturbing the host-pathogen interface for the host?s benefit.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI137759-01A1
Application #
9667855
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Lacourciere, Karen A
Project Start
2018-11-08
Project End
2020-10-31
Budget Start
2018-11-08
Budget End
2019-10-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Tufts University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
039318308
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02111