Cancer therapies often kill tumors by making chromosome breaks, and exceeding the tumor cell's ability to repair them. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) resolves the majority of such breaks, and it has been suggested that cancers might differ significantly in how well they perform NHEJ. We will determine how much NHEJ fitness varies in a variety of cancers. We will measure efficiency of NHEJ with a specific and sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. We will additionally employ next generation sequencing technology to characterize in parallel NHEJ accuracy. Importantly, cancer therapies that introduce chromosome breaks are effective in killing cells because they introduce breaks that are """"""""dirty"""""""" - the break often has damage to DNA flanking the break that makes it difficult to repair. Using cell lines with known NHEJ defects (including cells from patients with inherited NHEJ defects), we have shown the employment of dirty end structures is critical if NHEJ is to evaluated in a manner consistent with the ability of cells, both cancer and surrounding normal cells, to survive cancer therapies. We will systematically profile NHEJ fitness in both a panel of cancer cell lines as well as in primary cancers. We will determine the extent of cancer-associated variation in NHEJ, and whether this variation could help predict therapy outcome and aid in development of better (rationally designed and targeted) therapies.
Cancer therapies often kill tumors by introducing chromosome breaks. We propose here to measure in detail cancer-associated variation in a pathway essential for repairing these breaks. We expect to better predict how cancers will respond to therapy, and identify circumstances for application of better, more targeted therapies.
| Conlin, Michael P; Reid, Dylan A; Small, George W et al. (2017) DNA Ligase IV Guides End-Processing Choice during Nonhomologous End Joining. Cell Rep 20:2810-2819 |
| Waters, Crystal A; Strande, Natasha T; Pryor, John M et al. (2014) The fidelity of the ligation step determines how ends are resolved during nonhomologous end joining. Nat Commun 5:4286 |
