Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US, and the emergence of high efficacy synthetic cannabinoid (CB) drugs JWH-018 and JWH073 (sold as """"""""Spice"""""""" and """"""""K2"""""""") as popularly abused drugs indicate the gravity of the public health challenge posed by CB abuse-related disorders. Cannabis dependence is the third most prevalent substance abuse disorder, after nicotine and alcohol, and 30- 70% of chronic marijuana smokers experience symptoms of CB withdrawal. Despite this, relatively few studies have examined effects of chronically administered CBs in animals. To address this critical gap, we propose to develop robust animal models of CB dependence that can be used to better understand pharmacological and behavioral aspects of CB dependence. A hurdle to modeling CB dependence in animals has been the failure to observe an evident spontaneous withdrawal syndrome;symptoms often are mild and emerge over days. The CB antagonist, rimonabant, has been used to precipitate 'withdrawal', yet it remains unclear whether the effects of rimonabant reflect physical dependence or are the expression of other intrinsic effects of rimonabant. In preliminary studies in mice injected daily with a high efficacy CB1 agonist, AM2389, we found that rimonabant increased paw tremors and disrupted other behaviors;importantly, qualitatively similar results were obtained when the daily agonist injections were interrupted for 24-72 hrs. These data represent the first evidence of spontaneous CB withdrawal in mice and we will systematically extend these studies by delineating the experimental parameters necessary to maximize the expression of CB dependence using radiotelemetry, observation techniques, and operant responding endpoints to measure effects of both spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal.
Our first aim i s pharmacological, i.e., we will study mice treated chronically with the CB full agonist AM2389, with which we have obtained encouraging preliminary data. Studies will continue in mice treated chronically with the illicit drugs ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or the newly scheduled CBs JWH-018 and JWH-073, anticipating that the intrinsic activity and duration of action for each agonist will determine the magnitude of the observed effects.
Our second aim i s to identify the role of contextual influences on the development and expression of CB dependence. The importance of contextual cues in maintaining drug- seeking behavior is well-established for other abused substances but has received scant attention in the CB literature. We propose to specifically pair particular environments with injection of rimonabant, and determine if conditioned cues can also 'precipitate'CB withdrawal. Our immediate goals are to identify the pharmacological and behavioral mechanisms underlying the development of CB dependence. The direct impact of these studies will be an increased understanding of consequences of chronic exposure to marijuana and other abused CBs. Our long term goal is to develop a research program in which these models will be used to identify potential new therapies and management strategies for the treatment of cannabis addiction.

Public Health Relevance

Marijuana, the most widely abused drug in the United States, and abused designer cannabinoids (e.g., K2/Spice) currently are a grave public health concern. These drugs produce physical dependence, which promotes their abuse and has been identified in human patients but, surprisingly, has not been well-studied in laboratory animals. We propose to systematically characterize the time- and context-dependent nature of cannabinoid dependence in mice, with the goal of developing robust animal models that are essential to the development of novel therapeutics and management programs for cannabinoid abuse-related disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21DA035411-01A1
Application #
8637547
Study Section
Biobehavioral Regulation, Learning and Ethology Study Section (BRLE)
Program Officer
Lynch, Minda
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2016-05-31
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$237,000
Indirect Cost
$87,000
Name
Mclean Hospital Coroporation
Department
Type
DUNS #
046514535
City
Belmont
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02478
Paronis, Carol A; Chopda, Girish R; Vemuri, Kiran et al. (2018) Long-Lasting In Vivo Effects of the Cannabinoid CB1 Antagonist AM6538. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 364:485-493
Chopda, Girish R; Parge, Viraj; Thakur, Ganesh A et al. (2016) Tolerance to the Diuretic Effects of Cannabinoids and Cross-Tolerance to a ?-Opioid Agonist in THC-Treated Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 358:334-41
Chopda, Girish R; Vemuri, V Kiran; Sharma, Rishi et al. (2013) Diuretic effects of cannabinoid agonists in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 721:64-9