Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) is a key biophysical parameter determining cross-relaxation between water and macromolecules in tissues. Over recent years, MPF has attracted significant interest as a potential biomarker of myelin in neural tissues. However, possible clinical applications of MPF have been hampered due to the absence of methods allowing fast and reliable in vivo measurements of this parameter. This project builds on our previous NIH-funded R21 study, where we developed, histologically validated, and clinically tested a principally new fast and robust method for whole-brain MPF mapping. This method achieves critical improvement in time efficiency by utilizing only one off-resonance saturation data point to measure MPF. The overall goal of this project is to develop a fast and clinically useful method for MPF mapping of the human spinal cord. The technical concept of the proposed method is based on the principle of single-point MPF mapping initially developed by our group for the brain imaging. However, implementation of this approach for the spinal cord imaging is challenging due to the small size of the anatomical structure of interest and motion problems. The project contains two specific aims. In the first aim, we will implement a series of technical solutions, which will allow improvements in spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio with simultaneous reduction of the scan time and motion sensitivity. Specifically, we will build the new spinal cord MPF mapping method on a combination of multi-echo summation, parallel imaging, reduced field-of-view acquisition, and a novel principle of synthetic reference, which is based on the replacement of an acquired reference image for data normalization by a calculated one derived from complimentary T1 and proton density maps. Based on these solutions, we will implement an MPF mapping protocol for the cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord with sub-millimeter spatial resolution and clinically affordable scan time. In the second aim, we will conduct a pilot study aimed to establish clinical utility of spinal cord MPF mapping in multiple sclerosis (MS). For this purpose, we will acquire MPF maps of the brain and spinal cord from a population of MS patients and healthy controls. We will further compare MPF in the spinal cord between MS patients and controls and between patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive disease courses, determine associations between spinal cord MPF and commonly accepted MS clinical status scales, and test the hypothesis that combined models including brain and spinal cord MPF better explain clinical status of MS patients than the models based on brain MPF alone. The MPF mapping method developed in this project is expected to be highly beneficial for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in conditions causing myelin damage in the spinal cord, such as MS, spinal cord injury, and cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Public Health Relevance

This project aims to develop and clinically test a new quantitative method of magnetic resonance imaging for non-invasive measurements of the myelin content in the human spinal cord. This method is expected to be highly beneficial for monitoring the disease course and treatment effects in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders affecting the spinal cord. This study also will lead to improved understanding of a relationship between disability progression and spinal cord damage in multiple sclerosis.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
5R21EB016135-02
Application #
8601307
Study Section
Medical Imaging Study Section (MEDI)
Program Officer
Liu, Guoying
Project Start
2013-01-01
Project End
2014-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-01
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$228,074
Indirect Cost
$74,124
Name
University of Washington
Department
Radiation-Diagnostic/Oncology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Yarnykh, V L; Krutenkova, E P; Aitmagambetova, G et al. (2018) Iron-Insensitive Quantitative Assessment of Subcortical Gray Matter Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis Using the Macromolecular Proton Fraction. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39:618-625
Khodanovich, Marina Yu; Sorokina, Irina V; Glazacheva, Valentina Yu et al. (2017) Histological validation of fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping as a quantitative myelin imaging method in the cuprizone demyelination model. Sci Rep 7:46686
Naumova, Anna V; Akulov, Andrey E; Khodanovich, Marina Yu et al. (2017) High-resolution three-dimensional quantitative map of the macromolecular proton fraction distribution in the normal rat brain. Data Brief 10:381-384
Naumova, Anna V; Akulov, Andrey E; Khodanovich, Marina Yu et al. (2017) High-resolution three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping for quantitative neuroanatomical imaging of the rodent brain in ultra-high magnetic fields. Neuroimage 147:985-993
Yarnykh, Vasily L (2016) Time-efficient, high-resolution, whole brain three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping. Magn Reson Med 75:2100-6
Yarnykh, Vasily L; Bowen, James D; Samsonov, Alexey et al. (2015) Fast whole-brain three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping in multiple sclerosis. Radiology 274:210-20
Yarnykh, Vasily L; Tartaglione, Erica V; Ioannou, George N (2015) Fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping of the human liver in vivo for quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis. NMR Biomed 28:1716-25
Naumova, Anna V; Yarnykh, Vasily L (2014) Assessment of heart microstructure: from mouse to man. Circulation 129:1720-2