Prescription opioid misuse and addiction among active duty service members (ADSM) with chronic pain present significant public health threats to the U.S. Military. Many ADSM suffer from persistent pain conditions incurred in the line of service that require appropriate medical treatment with opioids. Yet, a substantial subset of ADSM with chronic pain is at risk for developing opioid addiction. Opioid addiction among persons with chronic pain involves cognitive, affective, and behavioral deregulation that often results in serious functional impairment and health risks. Addiction to prescription opioids may emerge from prolonged engagement in opioid misusing behaviors, such as dose escalation, use of illicit opioids, or use of opioids to self-medicate negative emotions. Although opioid delivery systems with lower addiction liability have been developed, extant treatments have low rates of successful outcomes in the absence of maintenance pharmacotherapy. Moreover, persons seeking treatment for chronic pain respond especially poorly to existing addictions treatments. Conventional pharmacotherapies may have limited efficacy without long-term maintenance because they fail to target and durably alter deregulated cognitive-affective habit circuits which govern appetitive responses elicited by pain, stress, and drug cues. As such, prevention interventions are urgently needed to effectively address key cognitive-affective mediators of the risk chain from chronic pain to opioid misuse and addiction among ADSM. We propose to test a novel selective prevention intervention, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), which integrates mindfulness training, cognitive reappraisal, and enhancement of natural reward processing to augment psychological health and break the cycle of pain, craving, and negative affect leading to the development of opioid addiction. The overarching aim of this proposal is to determine whether MORE reduces opioid misuse and prevents the development of opioid addiction among ADSM with chronic pain that are in the reintegration stage of the Military Lifecycle and exhibiting opioid misuse behaviors. A sample of 120 opioid misusing ADSM with chronic pain will be recruited from Fort Carson, CO, and randomly assigned to 8 group sessions of MORE or a conventional support group (SG). Assessments will be conducted at pre- and post-treatment, as well for 6 monthly follow-ups. We hypothesize that MORE will result in significantly greater reductions in opioid misuse (primary outcome) than the SG, as well as significantly greater decreases in opioid craving and pain (secondary outcomes). We hypothesize that clinical outcomes will be mediated by changes in attention bias (AB), emotion regulation, autonomic cue-reactivity, and positive psychological processes. Furthermore, we hypothesize that AB and cue- elicited heart rate variability following treatment will predict the occurrence and timing of relapse to opioid misuse. R34 funding for this early stage randomized controlled trial will allow for a rigorous test of an innovative prevention intervention for ADSM grounded in models from cognitive, affective, and neurobiological science. This R34 proposal builds on the PI's decade-long clinical and research work in this area, including his prior NIDA-funded R03.

Public Health Relevance

Soldiers with chronic pain undergoing long-term treatment with opioid analgesics are at risk of misusing prescription opioids and developing opioid addiction. Mindfulness training interventions have been shown to decrease chronic pain symptoms, stress, and addictive behaviors. The objective of the proposed project is to test a mindfulness- oriented intervention designed to prevent development of prescription opioid addiction among soldiers with histories of chronic pain and opioid misuse.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Planning Grant (R34)
Project #
5R34DA037005-03
Application #
8889244
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-RPHB-R (51))
Program Officer
Lloyd, Jacqueline
Project Start
2013-09-15
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2015-08-01
Budget End
2016-07-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$220,147
Indirect Cost
$72,397
Name
University of Utah
Department
Social Sciences
Type
Schools of Social Work
DUNS #
009095365
City
Salt Lake City
State
UT
Country
United States
Zip Code
84112
Garland, Eric L; Bryan, Craig J; Kreighbaum, Lydia et al. (2018) Prescription opioid misusing chronic pain patients exhibit dysregulated context-dependent associations: Investigating associative learning in addiction with the cue-primed reactivity task. Drug Alcohol Depend 187:13-21
Priddy, Sarah E; Hanley, Adam W; Riquino, Michael R et al. (2018) Dispositional mindfulness and prescription opioid misuse among chronic pain patients: Craving and attention to positive information as mediating mechanisms. Drug Alcohol Depend 188:86-93
Hanley, Adam W; Baker, Anne K; Garland, Eric L (2017) Self-interest may not be entirely in the interest of the self: Association between selflessness, dispositional mindfulness and psychological well-being. Pers Individ Dif 117:166-171
Garland, Eric L; Bryan, Craig J; Nakamura, Yoshio et al. (2017) Deficits in autonomic indices of emotion regulation and reward processing associated with prescription opioid use and misuse. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 234:621-629
Garland, Eric L; Howard, Matthew O; Zubieta, Jon-Kar et al. (2017) Restructuring Hedonic Dysregulation in Chronic Pain and Prescription Opioid Misuse: Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement on Responsiveness to Drug Cues and Natural Rewards. Psychother Psychosom 86:111-112
Thomas, Elizabeth A; Garland, Eric L (2017) Mindfulness is Associated With Increased Hedonic Capacity Among Chronic Pain Patients Receiving Extended Opioid Pharmacotherapy. Clin J Pain 33:166-173
Finan, Patrick H; Quartana, Phillip J; Remeniuk, Bethany et al. (2017) Partial Sleep Deprivation Attenuates the Positive Affective System: Effects Across Multiple Measurement Modalities. Sleep 40:
Garland, Eric L; Riquino, Michael R; Priddy, Sarah E et al. (2017) Suicidal ideation is associated with individual differences in prescription opioid craving and cue-reactivity among chronic pain patients. J Addict Dis 36:23-29
Li, Wen; Howard, Matthew O; Garland, Eric L et al. (2017) Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Subst Abuse Treat 75:62-96
Hanley, Adam W; Garland, Eric L (2017) Clarity of mind: Structural equation modeling of associations between dispositional mindfulness, self-concept clarity and psychological well-being. Pers Individ Dif 106:334-339

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