We propose to study the mechanisms of oxygenase catalyzed O2 activation and insertion reactions. We have purified, characterized, and, in many cases, crystallized a group of Fe-containing aromatic dioxygenases which appear to be good systems with which to investigate all recognized types of oxygen activation chemistry. Aromatic dioxygenase catalyze cleavage of O2 and insertion of both oxygen atoms into the aromatic being of their organic substrates, resulting in either ring opening or loss of aromaticity. The substrates of these enzymes serve as focal points in pathway of bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds, thus they are of substantial environmental significance. Similar enzymes catalyze essential steps in mammalian biosynthetic pathways. The enzymes proposed for study include: protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase, protocatechuate 3.5- dioxygenase (e,4-PCD), protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase (4,5-PCD), homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase, gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (1,2-GTD), and benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, (1,2-BZD). Past studies have lead to the development of models of the mechanisms of their position of ring cleavage relative to the two vicinal OH groups of the substrate. It is proposed that intradiol dioxygenase (e.g. 3,4-PCD) activate substrate for attack by O2, while estradiol dioxygenase (e.g. 4,5-PCD) activate O2 for attack on the substrate. 1,2-GTD appears to utilize a mechanism analogous to that of the extradiol dioxygenase. We now plan to use this wide range of enzymes to test and refine the mechanistic hypotheses. We also plan to develop a mechanistic model for the role of the mononuclear iron center in 1,2-BZD, an enzyme that adds both oxygens from O2 to benzoate without cleaving the ring. The work will involve studies in 4 areas: structure, kinetics, spectroscopy, and site directed mutagenesis. The refined X-ray crystal structure of 3,4- PCD and 3 recently solved structures of substrate analog complexes will serve as the basis for the structural and the site directed mutagenesis studies. Similar crystallographic and molecular genetic studies have been initiated for the other dioxygenases. Stopped flow, stopped freeze, low temperature, and photolysis techniques will be used to study the binding of substrates and the formation of oxy-intermediates. The structure of the Fe environment of these intermediates will be investigated using optical, EPR, integer spin EPR, resonance Raman, NMR, EXAFS, and Mossbauer spectroscopies. Analogs for the substrates and O2 will be labeled with O, C, and N to study their interactions with the Fe through EPR-detected hyperfine interaction. These studies will be complemented by coordinated and/or collaborative studies of toluene dioxygenase, and enzyme mechanistically similar to 1,2-BZD, and isopenicillin N-synthase, which our spectroscopic studies indicate has an iron center similar to those of the estradiol dioxygenase. This work should yield fundamental information about the chemistry of oxygenases, O2, and iron.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37GM024689-21
Application #
2634622
Study Section
Physical Biochemistry Study Section (PB)
Project Start
1978-01-01
Project End
1998-12-31
Budget Start
1998-01-01
Budget End
1998-12-31
Support Year
21
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
168559177
City
Minneapolis
State
MN
Country
United States
Zip Code
55455
Meier, Katlyn K; Rogers, Melanie S; Kovaleva, Elena G et al. (2016) Enzyme Substrate Complex of the H200C Variant of Homoprotocatechuate 2,3-Dioxygenase: Mössbauer and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 55:5862-70
Meier, Katlyn K; Rogers, Melanie S; Kovaleva, Elena G et al. (2015) A Long-Lived Fe(III)-(Hydroperoxo) Intermediate in the Active H200C Variant of Homoprotocatechuate 2,3-Dioxygenase: Characterization by Mössbauer, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Density Functional Theory Methods. Inorg Chem 54:10269-80
Kovaleva, Elena G; Rogers, Melanie S; Lipscomb, John D (2015) Structural Basis for Substrate and Oxygen Activation in Homoprotocatechuate 2,3-Dioxygenase: Roles of Conserved Active Site Histidine 200. Biochemistry 54:5329-39
Knoot, Cory J; Purpero, Vincent M; Lipscomb, John D (2015) Crystal structures of alkylperoxo and anhydride intermediates in an intradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:388-93
Rivard, Brent S; Rogers, Melanie S; Marell, Daniel J et al. (2015) Rate-Determining Attack on Substrate Precedes Rieske Cluster Oxidation during Cis-Dihydroxylation by Benzoate Dioxygenase. Biochemistry 54:4652-64
Fielding, Andrew J; Lipscomb, John D; Que Jr, Lawrence (2014) A two-electron-shell game: intermediates of the extradiol-cleaving catechol dioxygenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 19:491-504
Lipscomb, John D (2014) Life in a sea of oxygen. J Biol Chem 289:15141-53
Yin, DeLu Tyler; Purpero, Vince M; Fujii, Ryota et al. (2013) New structural motif for carboxylic acid perhydrolases. Chemistry 19:3037-46
Hayden, Joshua A; Farquhar, Erik R; Que, Lawrence et al. (2013) NO binding to Mn-substituted homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase: relationship to Oýýý reactivity. J Biol Inorg Chem 18:717-28
Kovaleva, Elena G; Lipscomb, John D (2012) Structural basis for the role of tyrosine 257 of homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase in substrate and oxygen activation. Biochemistry 51:8755-63

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