The central theme of this program involves studies of the mechanisms of action of the drug-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 and the cell signaling protein nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Metalloporphyrin model compounds are also investigated to elucidate how these enzymatic processes occur. The principal approaches involve kinetic and mechanistic studies of enzyme-substrate interactions, the synthesis and characterization of reactive iron porphyrin species as models of putative enzymic intermediates and to relate the interconversions of these species toward a molecular understanding of these proteins. Cytochrome P450 is the central protein involved in drug detoxification and hormone metabolism while nitric oxide synthase is the source of the signal molecules nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Synthetic metalloporphyrins can be employed as probes to intervene in these processes in diagnostic ways. Thus, these agents may prove to be significant tools for elaborating the biology of superoxide, peroxynitrite and NO. These same metalloporphyrins have shown impressive activity in animals suggesting their application as pharmaceutical agents. Our effort seeks to provide a foundation of mechanistic and kinetic information that can be applied to in vitro models, cell culture studies and whole animal models of specific disease states such as ischemia- reperfusion, sepsis and autoimmune diseases. Experiments are aimed at determining what reactive intermediates are formed and what their biological targets are likely to be. The elaboration of these processes will facilitate the design of metal complexes for the catalytic decomposition of peroxynitrite and these other species, while studies of protein tyrosine nitration will elucidate how proteins are damaged under conditions of oxidative stress. The studies N-hydroxyarginine oxidation aims to illuminate the range of mechanisms for NOS and to seek out new oxidation processes that may help with the rational development of NOS inhibitors. Rapid kinetic techniques have been developed to study the reactivity of these species. A central question is how to modulate the chemistry of metalloporphyrin centers between nucleophilic and electrophilic pathways that are essential to understand the variety of P450 mediated processes. Synthetic and semi-synthetic phospholipid assemblies are used to model and understand the larger scale events in the role of cytochrome c in triggering lipid oxidation and programmed cell death (apoptosis). ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
2R37GM036298-22
Application #
7260954
Study Section
Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section (MSFA)
Program Officer
Okita, Richard T
Project Start
1985-12-01
Project End
2012-03-31
Budget Start
2007-04-03
Budget End
2008-03-31
Support Year
22
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$344,651
Indirect Cost
Name
Princeton University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
002484665
City
Princeton
State
NJ
Country
United States
Zip Code
08544
Nelp, Micah T; Kates, Patrick A; Hunt, John T et al. (2018) Immune-modulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is effectively inhibited by targeting its apo-form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:3249-3254
Huang, Xiongyi; Groves, John T (2018) Oxygen Activation and Radical Transformations in Heme Proteins and Metalloporphyrins. Chem Rev 118:2491-2553
Gao, Hongxin; Groves, John T (2017) Fast Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by a Hydroxo Iron(III) Porphyrazine. J Am Chem Soc 139:3938-3941
Hsieh, Chun H; Huang, Xiongyi; Amaya, José A et al. (2017) The Enigmatic P450 Decarboxylase OleT Is Capable of, but Evolved To Frustrate, Oxygen Rebound Chemistry. Biochemistry 56:3347-3357
Huang, Xiongyi; Groves, John T (2017) Beyond ferryl-mediated hydroxylation: 40 years of the rebound mechanism and C-H activation. J Biol Inorg Chem 22:185-207
Wang, Xiaoshi; Ullrich, René; Hofrichter, Martin et al. (2015) Heme-thiolate ferryl of aromatic peroxygenase is basic and reactive. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:3686-91
Boaz, Nicholas C; Bell, Seth R; Groves, John T (2015) Ferryl protonation in oxoiron(IV) porphyrins and its role in oxygen transfer. J Am Chem Soc 137:2875-85
Liu, Wei; Groves, John T (2015) Manganese Catalyzed C-H Halogenation. Acc Chem Res 48:1727-35
Stavniichuk, Roman; Shevalye, Hanna; Lupachyk, Sergey et al. (2014) Peroxynitrite and protein nitration in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 30:669-78
Groves, John T (2014) Enzymatic C-H bond activation: Using push to get pull. Nat Chem 6:89-91

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