Thin filament-associated actin-binding proteins control both actomyosin-based muscle contraction and cytoskeletal formation. To elucidate the mechanisms required for muscle thin filaments to function, it is crucial to determine the structural interactions of the regulatory proteins involved. As a means of achieving our objective to understand the physiology of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle control systems, we will examine the architecture of muscle thin filaments at a fundamental structural level and characterize the changing interactions of thin filament-linked proteins that regulate muscle activity. We will use state-of- the-art electron microscopy and electron tomography coupled with image analysis and 3D reconstruction to establish the macromolecular structure of actin-binding proteins on thin filament actin. Using these techniques: (1) We aim to determine the structural basis of troponin-tropomyosin regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle activity by analyzing interactions of tropomyosin and troponin on thin filaments, which are governed by Ca2+binding to troponin and myosin-crossbridge binding on actin. To accomplish this goal, (A) we will test our newly proposed atomic model for troponin-tropomyosin localization on thin filaments by generating single particle and electron tomographic reconstructions;(B) we will test the hypothesis that mobile domains of troponin-I latch onto actin to constrain tropomyosin in the inhibitory """"""""blocking"""""""" state characteristic of relaxed muscle;(C) we will test both the hypothesis that tropomyosin assumes the contours of the F-actin helix as a relatively stiff coiled coiled-coil and the alternative view that tropomyosin is flexible. (2) We will test the hypothesis that mutant cardiac troponin and different tropomyosin variants perturb muscle regulation by causing an imbalance in tropomyosin's position that alters the regulatory state of thin filaments. (3) We will assess the regulatory role of thin filament-linked caldesmon and calponin in defining tropomyosin position in vascular and visceral muscle. (4) We will determine the structure of nebulin bound to actin to complete our map of thin filaments. In each study, reconstructions fitted to the atomic resolution maps of F-actin will demarcate molecular contacts of binding proteins with actin at near atomic resolution (""""""""hybrid crystallography""""""""). Lay summary: Studies on troponin-tropomyosin regulated filaments, with particular attention devoted to normal and mutant proteins derived from cardiac muscle, will lead to an elucidation of the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing cardiac contraction, which is essential for tracing cardiovascular disease processes. Studies on smooth muscle filaments will aid in understanding the fine-tuning of smooth muscle contraction thus revealing key controls for vascular tone and pulmonary airway resistance, determinants in, e.g., hypertension and asthma. Actin filaments and associated proteins are major participates in diverse cellular systems, underscoring the broad significance of the proposed work. Our goal is to elucidate the control mechanisms that regulate cardiovascular and skeletal muscle activity. We will examine structural changes at a molecular level that are orchestrated by regulatory proteins and which control muscle shortening and force production. Understanding the underlying molecular physiology governing contraction and relaxation in heart muscle and blood vessels is key to deciphering cardiovascular disease processes, controlling blood pressure and identifying novel targets for drug development.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37HL036153-21
Application #
7998182
Study Section
Cardiac Contractility, Hypertrophy, and Failure Study Section (CCHF)
Program Officer
Gao, Yunling
Project Start
1986-09-30
Project End
2012-11-30
Budget Start
2010-12-01
Budget End
2011-11-30
Support Year
21
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$406,250
Indirect Cost
Name
Boston University
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
604483045
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02118
Farman, Gerrie P; Rynkiewicz, Michael J; Orzechowski, Marek et al. (2018) HCM and DCM cardiomyopathy-linked ?-tropomyosin mutations influence off-state stability and crossbridge interaction on thin filaments. Arch Biochem Biophys 647:84-92
Rynkiewicz, Michael J; Prum, Thavanareth; Hollenberg, Stephen et al. (2017) Tropomyosin Must Interact Weakly with Actin to Effectively Regulate Thin Filament Function. Biophys J 113:2444-2451
Lehman, William (2017) Switching Muscles On and Off in Steps: The McKillop-Geeves Three-State Model of Muscle Regulation. Biophys J 112:2459-2466
Moore, Jeffrey R; Campbell, Stuart G; Lehman, William (2016) Structural determinants of muscle thin filament cooperativity. Arch Biochem Biophys 594:8-17
Lehman, William (2016) Thin Filament Structure and the Steric Blocking Model. Compr Physiol 6:1043-69
Rynkiewicz, Michael J; Fischer, Stefan; Lehman, William (2016) The propensity for tropomyosin twisting in the presence and absence of F-actin. Arch Biochem Biophys 609:51-58
Sewanan, Lorenzo R; Moore, Jeffrey R; Lehman, William et al. (2016) Predicting Effects of Tropomyosin Mutations on Cardiac Muscle Contraction through Myofilament Modeling. Front Physiol 7:473
Fischer, Stefan; Rynkiewicz, Michael J; Moore, Jeffrey R et al. (2016) Tropomyosin diffusion over actin subunits facilitates thin filament assembly. Struct Dyn 3:012002
Alamo, Lorenzo; Li, Xiaochuan Edward; Espinoza-Fonseca, L Michel et al. (2015) Tarantula myosin free head regulatory light chain phosphorylation stiffens N-terminal extension, releasing it and blocking its docking back. Mol Biosyst 11:2180-9
von der Ecken, Julian; Müller, Mirco; Lehman, William et al. (2015) Structure of the F-actin-tropomyosin complex. Nature 519:114-7

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