In this merit extension proposal, we are requesting funds to extend the critical findings of S1P release and signaling in the vasculature. The first major aim of the research is to understand how S1P metabolic enzymes are regulated in the vascular endothelial cells to impact local (autocrine) as well as systemic S1P signaling. Secondly, we will fully explore the basic mechanisms and physiological impact of the S1P signaling system as a sensor of biomechanical shear stress on the endothelial cells. First, we hypothesize that Sphk1 in the endothelial cell is primarily involved in local/autocrine signaling mode important for endothelial cell homeostatic and angiogenic reactions. We will derive an endothelial cell-specific inducible knockout of Sphk1 and examine angiogenesis, endothelial cell patterning, pathologic angiogenesis, vascular permeability and inflammation. To examine the effect of systemic S1P, which is derived primarily by red blood cells, we will examine endothelial cell functions in the red blood cell-specific Sphk1 knockout. Localized S1P signaling will be defined at the morphologic and ultrastructural level by immunolocalization studies in vivo as well as in primary cells. Second, we will explore the novel hypothesis that S1P metabolism and signaling constitutes a novel shear sensor/ signaling module in the endothelial cells. Mechanisms of how SIP is formed and released will be explored in detail in cultured vascular endothelial cells. In particular, we will focus on mechanisms that down regulate SIP lyase enzyme.Interestingly, laminar shear-induced downstream signaling mechanisms are critically dependent on S1P1 receptor signaling, suggesting that this receptor is a sensor of physiological shear stress. We will explore this mechanism in detail using cultured endothelial cells. We anticipate that these experiments will allow us to better understand the role of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in vascular endothelial cells. Since SIP receptor modulators have entered the therapeutic era, this knowledge is likely to have important clinical utility.

Public Health Relevance

SI P receptor modulators have entered the clinic;the first generation compound, called FTY720 has completed phase III studies for the control of autoimmune inflammation. This research will deepen our understanding of how SI P functions in essential cardiovascular functions important for normal health and how SIP system is dysregulated in cardiovascular disease in mouse models.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
4R37HL067330-11
Application #
8063329
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (NSS)
Program Officer
Olive, Michelle
Project Start
2001-03-05
Project End
2015-12-31
Budget Start
2011-01-31
Budget End
2011-12-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$422,500
Indirect Cost
Name
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
060217502
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
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Yanagida, Keisuke; Hla, Timothy (2017) Vascular and Immunobiology of the Circulatory Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Gradient. Annu Rev Physiol 79:67-91
Gazit, Salomé L; Mariko, Boubacar; Thérond, Patrice et al. (2016) Platelet and Erythrocyte Sources of S1P Are Redundant for Vascular Development and Homeostasis, but Both Rendered Essential After Plasma S1P Depletion in Anaphylactic Shock. Circ Res 119:e110-26
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Xiong, Yuquan; Hla, Timothy (2014) S1P control of endothelial integrity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 378:85-105

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