Geographic and racial disparities in stroke mortality have existed for over 50 years with an incremental annual cost of $4.6 billion. Many causes for these disparities have been proposed, but existing research has inadequately addressed these, and interventions have failed to reduce their magnitude. Further, national data are not available describing the prevalence of cognitive decline, a problem largely caused by cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors. With completion of recruitment, baseline evaluation and follow-up of a national cohort of 30,000 black and white community dwelling participants, the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is uniquely positioned to test older but unsubstantiated hypotheses explaining race/region disparities, to assess new evidence-based hypotheses, and to provide the first national data on predictors of cognitive decline. In this continuation application we propose to continue follow-up for incident stroke and cognitive decline among this cohort, which will quadruple the number of observed stroke events arid provide longitudinal data on cognitive decline. These data will provide the opportunity to investigate the underlying causes of the disparities in stroke mortality by assessing the role of confounding factors to mediate the observed excess risk among African Americans and Southerners, and to develop risk functions for relatively rare stroke subtypes including ICH and SAH. Preliminary analysis from REGARDS suggests that there is a-""""""""cognitive decline belt"""""""" that is concordant with the Stroke belt. The data from the continuation will allow a refinement of the description of these disparities, and, using similar analysis approaches employed for the stroke outcomes, will provide insights into the causes for these disparities. Finally, we will investigate the role of cognitive decline as a predictor for subsequent stroke events. Completion of these aims will allow for development of interventions to eliminate disparities in the incidence of stroke and cognitive decline. Implementation of specific interventions customized for black and white populations, and by region of the United States, may reduce health disparities in stroke recognition and treatment, risk factor prevention, and optimal management of existing risk factors.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01NS041588-11
Application #
8235915
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1-SRB-K (52))
Program Officer
Odenkirchen, Joanne
Project Start
2001-09-24
Project End
2012-11-30
Budget Start
2011-12-01
Budget End
2012-11-30
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$4,205,932
Indirect Cost
$1,336,162
Name
University of Alabama Birmingham
Department
Biostatistics & Other Math Sci
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
063690705
City
Birmingham
State
AL
Country
United States
Zip Code
35294
Cheung, K L; Zakai, N A; Callas, P W et al. (2018) Mechanisms and mitigating factors for venous thromboembolism in chronic kidney disease: the REGARDS study. J Thromb Haemost 16:1743-1752
Gillett, S R; McClure, L A; Callas, P W et al. (2018) Hemostasis biomarkers and incident cognitive impairment: the REGARDS study. J Thromb Haemost 16:1259-1267
Akinyemiju, Tomi; Moore, Justin Xavier; Judd, Suzanne E et al. (2018) Pre-diagnostic biomarkers of metabolic dysregulation and cancer mortality. Oncotarget 9:16099-16109
Navarro-Millán, Iris; Gamboa, Christopher M; Curtis, Jeffrey R et al. (2018) Lipid management among individuals with inflammatory arthritis in the national REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. J Int Med Res 46:62-69
Loop, Matthew Shane; McClure, Leslie A; Levitan, Emily B et al. (2018) Fine particulate matter and incident coronary heart disease in the REGARDS cohort. Am Heart J 197:94-102
Zakai, Neil A; Judd, Suzanne E; Kissela, Brett et al. (2018) Factor VIII, Protein C and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS). Thromb Haemost 118:1305-1315
Moore, Justin Xavier; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Bartolucci, Alfred et al. (2018) Mediating Effects of Frailty Indicators on the Risk of Sepsis After Cancer. J Intensive Care Med :885066618779941
Hsu, Joann; Donnelly, John P; Chaudhary, Ninad S et al. (2018) Aspirin use and long-term rates of sepsis: A population-based cohort study. PLoS One 13:e0194829
Chen, Cheng; Xun, Pengcheng; McClure, Leslie A et al. (2018) Serum mercury concentration and the risk of ischemic stroke: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Trace Element Study. Environ Int 117:125-131
Garg, Parveen K; O'Neal, Wesley T; Ogunsua, Adedotun et al. (2018) Usefulness of the American Heart Association's Life Simple 7 to Predict the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation (from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS] Study). Am J Cardiol 121:199-204

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